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While several studies link anxiety and depression symptoms to sleep quality, a critical gap remains in elucidating the role of NREM physiology in sleep\u2010dependent processing of affect and anxiety symptoms. The goals of the present study were to investigate sleep\u2010dependent consolidation of emotional memory and the relations of NREM oscillations with state anxiety and affect upon awakening in a non\u2010clinical sample enriched for trait anxiety. Forty\u2010two participants were recruited from a larger cohort of college students based on self\u2010reported high (&gt;\u20092\u2009SD cohort mean,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200926) versus moderate\u2010low levels of trait anxiety (&lt;\u20092\u2009SD cohort mean,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916) for a 2\u2010h polysomnography monitored mid\u2010day nap. Memory for negative and neutral picture stimuli was tested over this nap interval. Sleep spindles and slow oscillations (SOs) predicted post\u2010nap state anxiety and negative affect. Importantly, these were independent relationships in opposing directions such that higher SO activity was associated with reduced negative affect and state anxiety, whereas spindle activity correlated with higher negative affect and anxiety. We observed significantly reduced SO activity in the high\u2010anxiety group but no associations of anxiety with macro\u2010features of sleep (sleep duration, latency, efficiency or stage distributions). There were no group differences in emotional memory, nor did sleep parameters correlate with memory performance. These findings reflect that NREM oscillations are uniquely sensitive to both trait and state level variability in anxiety and highlight their potential as a novel target to attenuate anxiety and negative affect.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T20:54:43Z","timestamp":1743022483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>NREM<\/scp>\n                    Sleep Oscillations Are Associated With Anxiety and Negative Affect in Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hazal","family":"Arpaci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandita","family":"Banik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8069-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinar Kurdoglu","family":"Ersoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ege University  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciara","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aycan","family":"Kapucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ege University  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2349-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengi","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2532\u201011.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010019\u20100754\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"Berry R. 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