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Due to the prevalence of shift work within safety\u2010critical contexts, there is a need to further understand the causes and consequences of non\u2010typical work on sleep, wellbeing, health and safety, as well as ways to effectively reduce this risk. Furthermore, disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea, which is the most prevalent medical cause of sleepiness, compound the adverse health and safety consequences of shift work. This article provides an overview of some of the key occupational and sleep health challenges related to shift work: accurate measurement of sleepiness, mitigation, long\u2010term sustainability and work\/life balance. 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