{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:32:34Z","timestamp":1790451154431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024250","name":"Israel Innovation Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Home sleep apnea tests (HSATs) have emerged as alternatives to in\u2010laboratory polysomnography (PSG), but Type IV HSATs often show limited diagnostic performance. This study clinically validates SleepAI, a novel remote digital health system that applies AI algorithms to raw oximetry data for automated sleep staging and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis. SleepAI algorithms were trained on over 10,000 PSG recordings. The system consists of a wearable oximeter connected via Bluetooth to a mobile app transmitting raw data to a cloud\u2010based platform for AI\u2010driven analysis. Clinical validation was conducted in 53 subjects with suspected OSA, who used SleepAI for three nights at home and one night in a sleep centre alongside PSG. SleepAI's apnea\u2010hypopnea index (AHI) estimates and three\u2010class sleep staging (Wake, REM, NREM) were compared to PSG references. For OSA severity classification (non\u2010OSA, mild, moderate, severe), SleepAI achieved an overall accuracy of 89%, with F1\u2010scores of 1.0, 1.0, 0.9, and 0.88, respectively. The three\u2010stage sleep classification achieved a Cohen's kappa of 0.75. Night\u2010to\u2010night AHI variability showed that 37.5% of participants experienced a one\u2010level severity change across nights at home. No significant differences in sleep metrics were found between the first and subsequent nights at home, indicating no sleep disturbance by SleepAI. These findings support the SleepAI system as a promising and scalable alternative to existing Type IV HSATs, with the potential to address key clinical gaps by improving diagnostic accuracy and accessibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1748337218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Staging From Oximetry and Photoplethysmography\u2014\n                    <scp>SleepAI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shirel","family":"Attia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Oksenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeleene","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revital","family":"Shani\u2010Hershkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Sleep Medecine, Ichilov  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Sleep Medecine, Ichilov  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomit","family":"Katsav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Sleep Medecine, Ichilov  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Haimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Alexandrovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riva","family":"Tauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Sleep Medecine, Ichilov  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5956-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim A.","family":"Behar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010015\u20101171\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attia S. R. S.Hershkovich A.Tabakhov et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cSleepPPG\u2010Net2: Deep Learning Generalization for Sleep Staging From Photoplethysmography.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2404.06869.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ae1a34"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106579\/acead2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/JCSM.8192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063243"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20102600(15)00043\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.4.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13078\/jsm.230004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2022.3225363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9972"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746\u2010023\u201000801\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202107\u20101761OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9538"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201040604\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.2159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534\u2010023\u201000304\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13838"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/JCSM.9744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00695.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569\u2010023\u201000846\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911\u20101746OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae067.0530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14\u20100970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1710"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.856121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010016\u20101401\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1374236"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70093","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsr.70093","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:04:56Z","timestamp":1771049096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.70093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.70093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.70093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70093"}}