{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:09:52Z","timestamp":1793106592371,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) reduce quality of life. Melatonin, a sleep\u2013wake hormone, shows treatment potential. However, its efficacy in PD remains unclear due to inconclusive findings across studies, warranting a systematic review to synthesise the available evidence. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus for RCTs up to May 2025. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Rob\u20102 tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager version 5.4.1 with outcomes expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Out of eight studies with 409 PD patients, seven studies entered a meta\u2010analysis that showed melatonin improved sleep quality and insomnia, as indicated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.75 [\u22122.94 to \u22120.55];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.07 [\u22121.87 to \u22120.27];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009). Melatonin showed no significant impact on objective sleep parameters. However, sleep onset latency (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22129.74 [\u221217.47 to \u22122.02];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001) and total sleep time (SMD\u2009=\u20090.84 [0.47 to 1.21];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.00001) improved, favouring melatonin, after adjusting for heterogeneity. Melatonin did not significantly change REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) (MD\u2009=\u20090.71 [\u22120.44 to 1.86];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.23). No significant differences was found between melatonin and clonazepam in ESS (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22122.65 [\u22125.36 to 0.06];\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.06). In conclusion, melatonin is a well\u2010tolerated treatment that improves sleep quality, sleep onset latency, and total sleep time in PD. However, improvements in\u00a0subjective\u00a0sleep\u00a0quality\u00a0assessments\u00a0did not meet\u00a0minimal clinically important difference, which\u00a0limits the\u00a0clinical significance\u00a0of\u00a0these findings.\u00a0Additional research is required to determine whether these benefits translate to other objective sleep parameters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T21:39:34Z","timestamp":1751319574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effectiveness of Melatonin for Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson' Disease: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5832-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Obai","family":"Yousef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Tartous University  Tartus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-2429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moaz Elsayed","family":"Abouelmagd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Khaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Tartous University  Tartus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Shbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Tartous University  Tartus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8043-7677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raneem","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Tartous University  Tartus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0692-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Meshref","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Al\u2010Azhar University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5306-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahem","family":"Hanafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University  Damascus Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(06)70471\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010020\u201010381\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2019.04.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010022\u201006188\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1265789"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Sleep Disorders in Parkinson's Disease Without Dementia: A Comparative Randomized Controlled Study of Melatonin and Clonazepam","volume":"112","author":"Litvinenko I. 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