{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:59:23Z","timestamp":1790315963645,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the standard treatment; however, poor mask fit\u2014due to limited size options\u2014often reduces patient adherence. This study explores the feasibility of developing a fully customised CPAP mask prototype using accessible 3D scanning, computer\u2010aided design, and 3D printing technologies. A high\u2010resolution facial scan was obtained using a Structure Sensor (ST01) attached to an iPad and imported into Autodesk Fusion 360 to generate a personalised nasal mask design. The masks were fabricated using desktop masked stereolithography (MSLA) printers (Elegoo Saturn 3 12K) with standard resin. To enhance comfort and prevent direct skin contact with rigid surfaces, a medical\u2010grade foam lining was added. The prototype underwent key safety evaluations, including exhaust flow rate, pressure drop, and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    rebreathing. The estimated production cost per mask was approximately $25. These findings highlight the potential for in\u2010office fabrication of custom\u2010fit CPAP masks using affordable tools and materials. With further biocompatibility testing and user feedback, this approach may offer a practical and scalable solution for improving comfort, fit, and adherence in CPAP therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T05:38:50Z","timestamp":1752730730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developing Custom\u2010Fit\n                    <scp>CPAP<\/scp>\n                    Mask Prototype in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5148-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rutvi","family":"Sheth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deep Creek High School  Chesapeake Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8796-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soham","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Progressive Neurology and Sleep Center  Chesapeake Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Audette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Old Dominion University  Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14188322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.4.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.2.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.5.1167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.9911064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.9706079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.2005037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00212711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stlm.2021.100044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-015-0383-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Ma Z. J.Munguia P.Hyde andD.Michael.2018.Development of a Customized CPAP Mask Using Reverse Engineering and Additive Manufacturing. Solid Freeform Fabrication 2018: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium\u2014An Additive Manufacturing Conference Reviewed Paper."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4049981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.3.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07445-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00070301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.2001008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58624\/SVOANE.2024.05.0139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007787"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00057201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4040187"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70146","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsr.70146","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:17:24Z","timestamp":1790313444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.70146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.70146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.70146","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70146"}}