{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:59:25Z","timestamp":1790315965899,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR#18\u2010CE17\u20100014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR#18\u2010CE17\u20100014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Narcolepsy type 1 is a chronic sleep disorder of putative autoimmune aetiology, primarily caused by the loss of orexin\u2010producing neurons in the hypothalamus. An additional 88% reduction in corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone\u2010immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus has been recently observed in post\u2010mortem brains of individuals with narcolepsy type 1. It is, however, unknown whether this reduction is specific to the paraventricular nucleus or involves other brain regions expressing corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone, such as the amygdala, which plays a central role in mood regulation, stress response and cataplexy. This study examined whether orexin neuron loss and\/or hypothalamic neuroinflammation would affect the expression of corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone and other neuropeptides, including melanin\u2010concentrating hormone and histidine decarboxylase as a proof of concept. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure messenger RNA levels in three mice models of narcolepsy type 1: mice lacking orexin due to genetic disruption, mice with toxin\u2010induced orexin neuron ablation and mice with autoimmune\u2010mediated orexin neuron loss accompanied by hypothalamic neuroinflammation. We found no change in corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone expression in both the hypothalamus and amygdala across all models, regardless of the timeline or mechanism of orexin loss. Similarly, the expression of melanin\u2010concentrating hormone and histidine decarboxylase was unaffected. These findings suggest that the absence of orexin signalling alone is not sufficient to alter corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone expression. Alternative mechanisms may account for the observation made in human narcolepsy type 1 post\u2010mortem samples. Future human studies are warranted to identify the underlying processes and determine whether similar changes occur in other brain regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T03:08:59Z","timestamp":1753412939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Corticotropin\u2010Releasing Hormone (\n                    <scp>CRH<\/scp>\n                    ) in Murine Narcolepsy: What Do Genetic and Immune Models Tell Us?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-6055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Sleep\u2010Wake Centre  Heemstede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2779-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Melzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Sleep Team, Center for Research in Neuroscience of LYON  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Sleep Team, Center for Research in Neuroscience of LYON  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Georges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Sleep Team, Center for Research in Neuroscience of LYON  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. E.","family":"Scammell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. J.","family":"Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Sleep\u2010Wake Centre  Heemstede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Fronczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Sleep\u2010Wake Centre  Heemstede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9317-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Peyron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Sleep Team, Center for Research in Neuroscience of LYON  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.861094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2024.578383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/gct-150920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0226-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab455"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603325113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.660518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81973-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1453-22.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03202-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25959-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4065-15.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Melzi S. 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