{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:02:06Z","timestamp":1791853326560,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EIA\u20102017\u2010034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIA\u20102017\u2010034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Intermittent hypoxia (IH)\u2010mediated adipose tissue inflammation with M1 macrophage polarisation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Effective treatment strategies are so far lacking. Here, we hypothesised that a glucagon\u2010like peptide (GLP)\u20101 (Liraglutide)\u2010based weight loss regimen improves IH\u2010induced metabolic perturbations. To test the hypothesis, we employed a comprehensive translational approach consisting of an innovative IH system for cell cultures, a murine IH model of diet\u2010induced obese mice and a proof\u2010of\u2010concept randomised\u2010controlled study in OSA (NCT04186494). Liraglutide significantly attenuated IH\u2010mediated pro\u2010inflammatory polarisation of bone marrow\u2010derived murine macrophages in cell culture. However, this did not translate into improved IH\u2010induced insulin resistance in C57Bl\/6 mice fed on a high\u2010fat diet despite significant weight loss. In OSA subjects without diabetes (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930, 50\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009years, 80% males, apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index [AHI] 50\u2009\u00b1\u200919\/h, body mass index [BMI] 35.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), Liraglutide in contrast to CPAP over 24\u2009weeks led to improvement in insulin sensitivity (mean difference 1.91\u2009\u00b1\u20091.46 vs. \u22121.02\u2009\u00b1\u20092.75,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03) in correlation with reduction in anthropometric measures and visceral adipose tissue volume. However, in conjunction with its limited effect on OSA parameters, the combination of Liraglutide with CPAP therapy appeared superior to Liraglutide alone for improvement of other glycaemic parameters such as fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, or HbA1c. In summary, while Liraglutide is effective in mediating weight loss, a lack of improvement in IH\u2010triggered metabolic dysfunction does not support its role as monotherapy for metabolic diseases in OSA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T08:58:41Z","timestamp":1753693121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Liraglutide on Intermittent Hypoxia\u2010Induced Metabolic Dysfunction: From Bench to Bedside"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Cliona","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit St. Vincent's University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  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D.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology St. Vincent's University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology St. Vincent's University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Belaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble\u2010Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1300  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Louis","family":"Pepin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble\u2010Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1300  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Arnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble\u2010Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, INSERM U1300  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donal","family":"O'Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology St. Vincent's University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0963-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silke","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit St. Vincent's University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  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