{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:59:29Z","timestamp":1790315969778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The 2019 coronavirus (COVID\u201019) pandemic and associated lockdowns significantly disrupted healthcare systems, including access to pharmacological treatments such as sleep medication. This study investigated the number of first\u2010time dispensed hypnotic drugs during the first COVID\u201019 lockdown in the Netherlands, using data from the Dutch Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics (SFK), which covers approximately 96% of all pharmacy dispensations (5.46 million patients). First\u2010time dispensing was defined as no use of hypnotics in the previous year and included benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine\u2010related drugs, and melatonin receptor agonists. Data from 2020 were analysed across three periods: pre\u2010lockdown (Weeks 1\u201311), lockdown (Weeks 12\u201319) and post\u2010lockdown (Weeks 20\u201326), and were compared to the same periods in 2019. Analyses were stratified by age group (children: 0\u20139, adolescents: 10\u201319, adults: 20\u201364, elderly: 65+) and sex. The data revealed a significant reduction in first\u2010time hypnotic dispensations in 2020 (155,961) compared to 2019 (168,814,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with declines across all three time periods (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). During the lockdown, significant reductions were found among children, adolescents, and adults (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not among the elderly. Female adults and the elderly received significantly more hypnotics than their male counterparts (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), consistent with higher reported rates of sleep disturbances. In conclusion, the overall number of first\u2010time dispensed hypnotics was significantly lower during the first COVID\u201019 lockdown in the Netherlands, except among the elderly. It remains unclear to what extent individuals self\u2010medicated with over\u2010the\u2010counter sleep medication, or experienced untreated sleep complaints during the first lockdown in the Netherlands.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T07:50:25Z","timestamp":1756108225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Number of Newly Dispensed Hypnotic Drugs During the First\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Lockdown Period in The Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2742-907X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana M.","family":"Dijkgraaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3073-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantea","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8909-4073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maureen N.","family":"Zijlstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9030-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline A.","family":"Hendriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Garssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Danone Global Research and Innovation Center  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6455-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joris C.","family":"Verster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences Swinburne University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100916"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.11.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2024.2428973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.796591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2021.1892221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_523_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Voorschrijven van Psychofarmaca Door de Huisarts Tijdens de Coronapandemie: Week 2\u201324 (6 Januari\u201412 Juni 2020)","author":"Hek K.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe11040103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/psychiatryint4040030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1166815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010021\u201002861\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2022.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201002028\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM).2020.Impact van de Eerste COVID\u201019 Golf op de Reguliere Zorg en Gezondheid. 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