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Understanding factors that influence resilience to, or vulnerability under, sleep loss is therefore essential for identifying groups at particular risk. In this within\u2010subjects study, we examined two potential modulators of vulnerability in 54 healthy, naturally cycling women aged 21\u201333\u2009years: the ovarian hormone estradiol, known for its neuroprotective properties and the personality trait neuroticism, previously associated with stress sensitivity. Participants completed one night of habitual sleep followed by one night of overnight wakefulness, mimicking a transition from an off\u2010 to an on\u2010night shift. Women with higher morning blood estradiol levels or lower neuroticism (indexed by higher emotional stability scores) exhibited non\u2010significant tendencies towards faster reaction times during successful psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) trials, which assess sustained attention. 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These findings highlight neuroticism as a psychological factor linked to increased neurobiological sensitivity to overnight wakefulness among women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:45:00Z","timestamp":1769157900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increased p\u2010Tau181 Levels After Overnight Wakefulness Are Associated With Neuroticism in Young Women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Diana A.","family":"N\u00f4ga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa M. 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