{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T04:05:14Z","timestamp":1783915514178,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI21\/01683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/01683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI24\/01358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI24\/01358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several data suggested a possible role of inflammatory factors in restless legs syndrome (RLS). In this regard, the results of a limited number of studies assessing serum or plasma levels of cytokines have been inconclusive. To investigate the possible role of several cytokines (tumour necrosis factor \u03b1\u2014TNF\u2010\u03b1, and interleukins\u2014IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106 and IL\u201010) as markers of idiopathic RLS (iRLS), we have measured their serum levels in a large series of iRLS patients and controls. We assessed serum levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106 and IL\u201010 in 100 patients diagnosed with iRLS and 110 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls using a monoclonal Enzyme\u2010Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Serum levels of IL\u20101\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2 were below detection limits both in iRLS patients and controls. Serum TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106 and IL\u201010 levels did not differ significantly between iRLS patients and controls in the whole series, although TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were lower in male iRLS patients compared with male iRLS controls. Serum TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106 and IL\u201010 levels were not correlated with age at onset and severity of RLS. The data from the current study suggest that serum levels of the cytokines studied cannot be considered useful markers of iRLS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T07:23:00Z","timestamp":1769584980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serum Concentrations of Cytokines in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7558-7323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix Javier","family":"Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology Hospital Universitario del Sureste  Arganda del Rey Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ayuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Universidad de Extremadura  C\u00e1ceres Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8644-2210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hortensia","family":"Alonso\u2010Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology Hospital Universitario del Sureste  Arganda del Rey Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology Hospital Universitario del Sureste  Arganda del Rey Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica i Social M\u00fatua de Terrassa  Terrassa Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa  Terrassa Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pau","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 per la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica i Social M\u00fatua de Terrassa  Terrassa Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa  Terrassa Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol  Badalona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Navarro\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology Hospital La Mancha\u2010Centro  Alc\u00e1zar de San Juan Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Turp\u00edn\u2010Fenoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology Hospital La Mancha\u2010Centro  Alc\u00e1zar de San Juan Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Mill\u00e1n\u2010Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology Hospital La Mancha\u2010Centro  Alc\u00e1zar de San Juan Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Albea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2010Neurology Hospital \u201cPr\u00edncipe de Asturias\u201d, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Alcal\u00e1 de Henares Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6895-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. G.","family":"Ag\u00fandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Universidad de Extremadura  C\u00e1ceres Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8094-046X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III Universidad de Extremadura  C\u00e1ceres Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_159_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.51671"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003\u2010020\u201001430\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201005658\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010024\u201007736\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010020\u201010312\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2015.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346\u20108138.12011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(17)30327\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010024\u201001763\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.07.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010020\u201002218\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389\u20109457(02)00258\u20107"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70293","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsr.70293","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T03:35:28Z","timestamp":1783913728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.70293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.70293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.70293","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70293"}}