{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:00:36Z","timestamp":1790622036764,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215010\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215010\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011721","name":"Chronic Disease Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sleep disturbance and fatigue were highly prevalent during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, in both infected and non\u2010infected individuals, though mostly assessed cross\u2010sectionally. To assess these symptoms after lockdown cessation, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study in a large UK cohort. Validated questionnaires assessing sleep disturbances, fatigue, depression, and anxiety were administered to COVID Symptom Study Biobank participants at two time periods\u2014Autumn 2021 and Spring 2022 equinoxes\u2014corresponding to lockdown and lifting of restrictions, respectively. After adjusting for differential participation using inverse probability weighting, data from 2390 participants were analysed. Generalised linear models examined SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, post\u2010COVID\u201019 syndrome [PCS], and longitudinal changes of sleep disturbances and fatigue, adjusting for potential confounders. Despite lifting of lockdown, high levels of sleep disturbance and fatigue persisted, with no significant improvement over time, independently of baseline or new SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection or PCS.\n                    <jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 marginally worsened STOP\u2010Bang scores although below clinical significance. There was a trend for interaction between baseline SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 status and Chalder Fatigue scores on follow\u2010up fatigue (B\u2009=\u20090.19, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.01 to 0.39,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.057). Receipt of booster vaccination lowered Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.53, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.96 to \u22120.10,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.016) but doubled likelihood of restless legs syndrome symptoms (OR\u2009=\u20092.45, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.38 to 4.37,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002). Overall, the high rates of sleep disturbances and fatigue observed during lockdown persisted after restrictions were lifted, independent of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. Sleep disruption reported during lockdown may endure unless actively addressed. Given the high prevalence of both sleep disturbance and fatigue, routine assessment of sleep is recommended for individuals presenting with persistent post\u2010pandemic fatigue, including PCS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1780915252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent Sleep Disturbance Following Pandemic Lockdowns: Longitudinal Findings From the\n                    <scp>UK COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Symptom Study Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6661-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Toson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2259-1556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Cheetham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia R. B.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"James Cook University  Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole H.","family":"Sudre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Hawkes Institute, University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Computing, School of Biomedical Engineering &amp; Imaging Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory, Sleep and Ventilation Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Bowyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desaline","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Sleep Medicine, Evelina London Children's Health Care Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COVID Symptom Study Biobank Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Birdseye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire J.","family":"Steves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Ageing and Health Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory, Sleep and Ventilation Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-4403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma L.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01402-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21050583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90081-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc0473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0333-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101591"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"1574","article-title":"Quality of Sleep and Mental Symptoms Contribute to Health\u2010Related Quality of Life After COVID\u201019 Pneumonia, a Follow\u2010Up Study of More Than 2\u2009Years","volume":"12","author":"Jauregui\u2010Renaud K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1166815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.101975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Office of National Statistics UK.2023.\u201cPrevalence of Ongoing Symptoms Following Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Infection in the UK: 30 March 2023.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/bulletins\/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk\/30march2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93924-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S266240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34598-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00975-2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.2023.\u201cCoronavirus Disease (COVID\u201019): Post COVID\u201019 Condition.\u201d28 March 2023.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/questions\u2010and\u2010answers\/item\/coronavirus\u2010disease\u2010(covid\u201019)\u2010post\u2010covid\u201019\u2010condition."}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70344","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jsr.70344","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jsr.70344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:10:44Z","timestamp":1790619044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jsr.70344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jsr.70344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.70344","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70344"}}