{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:00:45Z","timestamp":1790622045739,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among people with diabetes, but its association with glycemic variability (GV), an important indicator for glycemic control, remains unknown. This review synthesised and quantified the association between OSA and GV in people with diabetes. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022331493). Seven databases were searched from inception to March 2023 and updated in September 2025. Meta\u2010analyses were performed to pool findings from interventional studies on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of OSA using a random\u2010effects model. Studies that could not be pooled were narratively synthesised. Fourteen studies were included: nine interventional and five cross\u2010sectional studies. Only one study included people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In single\u2010arm studies, CPAP treatment was associated with a significant reduction in nocturnal standard deviation (SD) (mean difference\u2009=\u2009\u22120.37, 95% CI [\u22120.58, \u22120.15],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200982.19%) and a marginally significant reduction in nocturnal mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) (mean difference\u2009=\u2009\u22120.23, 95% CI [\u22120.46, 0.00],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.050,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200979.11%). In contrast, the pooled estimates for 24\u2009h SD and MAGE were nonsignificant either from single\u2010arm or controlled studies. Findings from studies examining mean of daily difference, mean of nocturnal glucose difference, and BG\n                    <jats:sub>diff<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed significant reductions after CPAP, while coefficient of variation findings were inconsistent. Cross\u2010sectional studies also revealed possible associations between OSA severity and GV. In conclusion, current findings suggest the potential impact of OSA on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. More RCTs and studies in T1D are needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:24:00Z","timestamp":1780064640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Glycemic Variability in People With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jinjin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Songjiang Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"School of Nursing University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7631-3183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinle","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery &amp; Palliative Care King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunping","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Affairs Steering Committee Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Fritschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3907-2952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingdan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Lujiazui Community Health Service Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirimon","family":"Reutrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3997-7882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivy163"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109786"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0636"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0099"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14243"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2023.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27347"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1610"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjpcrm.2015.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2019.0290"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-918-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.163382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0083-2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","unstructured":"Higgins J. 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