{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:02:12Z","timestamp":1790622132369,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006757","name":"Office of Research and Creative Activities, Brigham Young University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006757","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The pathophysiology of insomnia remains unclear. This sleep neuroimaging study used arterial spin labelling, self\u2010report and polysomnography to compare nighttime relative cerebral perfusion in individuals with insomnia disorder (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911) and controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200917). We hypothesised that insomnia would be associated with altered perfusion in regions involved in arousal, sleep drive and information processing. Participants completed two polysomnography and arterial spin labelling scans: a wake scan at habitual bedtime and a sleep attempt. Sleep state was determined using self\u2010report and polysomnography. Relative perfusion maps were computed. Group by state effects were tested using analysis of variance for within and between subjects. Regression analyses tested associations between insomnia severity and baseline perfusion during the wake scan. Significance was set at\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 cluster\u2010corrected (voxel\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.005,\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914). The insomnia group showed higher relative perfusion in posterior sensory, affective and self\u2010referential regions, and lower relative perfusion in frontal regions and basal ganglia compared to controls. During the sleep attempt, insomnia participants who were asleep showed lower relative perfusion in several frontal and basal ganglia regions compared to those who were awake, while controls showed the opposite pattern. Greater insomnia severity was associated with lower relative perfusion during the wake scan in right peri\u2010Sylvian cortex and basal ganglia. Overall, insomnia was associated with altered nighttime relative cerebral perfusion, including increased activity in self\u2010referential, sensory and affective regions, alongside reduced or dysregulated perfusion in frontal cortex and basal ganglia, suggesting altered arousal regulation, sleep drive and inhibitory control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:49:27Z","timestamp":1784173767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relative Cerebral Blood Flow Differences in Individuals With Insomnia Across Sleep\u2013Wake States Compared to Good Sleeper Controls: A Sleep Neuroimaging Study Using Arterial Spin Labelling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"Michels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich, University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for MR Research University Children's Hospital Z\u00fcrich, University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Experimental Pharmacopsychology and Psychological Addiction Research, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolynn","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Rochester  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"O\u2019Gorman Tuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MR Research University Children's Hospital Z\u00fcrich, University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MR Research University Children's Hospital Z\u00fcrich, University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny J. J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Brigham Young University  Provo Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.6.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications, Version 2.3","author":"Berry R. 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