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Available sleep questionnaires focus on isolated symptoms or single disorders, limiting their ability to capture the complexity of sleep conditions. Also, many PROMs remain poorly validated. The European Sleep Questionnaire (ESQ) is being developed as a generic transdiagnostic sleep PROM designed to address these limitations. By integrating relevant interview components, it aims to streamline clinical assessment and better reflect real\u2010world phenotypes across the full spectrum of sleep disorders. The ESQ has been initiated within the EU\u2010funded Sleep Revolution project and is still being developed through an iterative process. Its design is informed by a comprehensive literature review as well as expert and patient input. The ESQ prototype contains 119 items organized into nine sections and uses Likert\u2010type scales to assess symptom severity, frequency, and bothersomeness over the past month. It is equipped with an additional module for follow\u2010up assessment. It is translated into 17 languages and is digitally implemented to support multicenter studies. Initial validation includes cognitive interviews and evaluation of psychometric properties in patients with various sleep disorders. Item refinement and scoring key creation will guide the further development of the ESQ, after which it will be made available for public use. The ESQ aims to support personalized clinical diagnosis and appraisal of treatment results. Future research will extend into other sleep disorders and specific populations, strengthening the ESQ as a comprehensive tool for clinical practice, research, and preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T08:21:42Z","timestamp":1784535702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Development of the European Sleep Questionnaire A New Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Dirk A.","family":"Pevernagie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University  Gent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine AZ Delta  Roeselare Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"De Bruecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University  Gent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Head and Skin Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University  Gent Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Veirman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4744-8561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geert","family":"Crombez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri M. L.","family":"Van Ryckeghem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University  Gent Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Experimental Health Psychology, Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Hertegonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Hospital  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9 A.","family":"Bauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Hospital  Gent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger L.","family":"Abma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IQ Health Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erna Sif","family":"Arnardottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology, Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7405-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludger","family":"Grote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Sigridur.","family":"Islind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamilla R\u00fan","family":"J\u00f3hannsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert Jan","family":"Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Centre  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Sleep Wake Centre, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)  Heemstede the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5927-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter T.","family":"McNicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine St. Vincent's Hospital Group, School of Medicine, University College Dublin  Dublin 4 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piet\u2010Heijn","family":"van Mechelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Past President of the Dutch Sleep Apnea Patient Association  the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krist\u00edn Anna","family":"\u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology, Reykjavik University  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Overeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe  Heeze the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology  Eindhoven AZ the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1968-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg  Freiburg im Breisgau Germany"},{"name":"German Sleep Society (DGSM e.V.)  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