{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:55:04Z","timestamp":1762642504722,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":429,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A\u2010HL\u201014\u2010007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A\u2010HL\u201014\u2010007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T08:17:01Z","timestamp":1623226621000},"page":"2216-2224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An investigation of sickle cell trait, body mass index, and fitness in relation to venous thromboembolism among African American adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"D. Alan","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Deuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis G.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0037-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Edgeworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianne M.","family":"Kurina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"832","key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0010","first-page":"e13","article-title":"Incidence of and mortality from venous thromboembolism in a real\u2010world population: the Q\u2010VTE study cohort","volume":"126","author":"Tagalakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00458.x","article-title":"The worcester venous thromboembolism study: a population\u2010based study of the clinical epidemiology of venous thromboembolism","volume":"21","author":"Spencer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.12.017","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism: a public health concern","volume":"38","author":"Beckman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0025","first-page":"4624","article-title":"Blood","volume":"114","author":"Kahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"How I treat postthrombotic syndrome"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006285","article-title":"Cardiology patient page. A patient's guide to recovery after deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism","volume":"129","author":"Waldron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"year":"2008","series-title":"The surgeon general's call to action to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0035"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0040","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Venous thromboembolism (blood clots) \u2010 data & statistics. 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/dvt\/index.html. Accessed August 14, 2020."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-131687","article-title":"Exercise\u2010related complications in sickle cell trait","volume":"55","author":"Tripette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2008-1078","article-title":"Blood rheology abnormalities and vascular cell adhesion mechanisms in sickle cell trait carriers during exercise","volume":"39","author":"Connes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11253","article-title":"Endothelial\u2010dependent vasodilation is impaired in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"92","author":"Montalembert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0060","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Incidence of sickle cell trait\u2013United States, 2010","volume":"63","author":"Ojodu","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"339","key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0065","first-page":"e19","article-title":"Lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism in two cohort studies","volume":"129","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-057604","article-title":"Sickle cell trait and the risk of venous thromboembolism among blacks","volume":"110","author":"Austin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12787","article-title":"Prospective study of sickle cell trait and venous thromboembolism incidence","volume":"13","author":"Folsom","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012665","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in adults screened for sickle cell trait: a population\u2010based cohort study with nested case\u2010control analysis","volume":"7","author":"Little","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1161","article-title":"Clinical outcomes associated with sickle cell trait: a systematic review","volume":"169","author":"Naik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-018-0179-z","article-title":"Sickle cell disease, sickle trait and the risk for venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"16","author":"Noubiap","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0095","first-page":"639","article-title":"Impact of sickle cell trait on the thrombotic risk associated with non\u2010O blood groups in northern Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.83","article-title":"Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism","volume":"12","author":"Heit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpm.2012.24069","article-title":"The effects of obesity on venous thromboembolism: a review","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168878","article-title":"Weight change and risk of venous thromboembolism: the Tromso study","volume":"11","author":"Horvei","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011407","article-title":"Changes in childhood body\u2010mass index and risk of venous thromboembolism in adulthood","volume":"8","author":"Sundboll","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1673636","article-title":"Regular physical activity and risk of venous thromboembolism","volume":"44","author":"Evensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14619","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and future risk of venous thromboembolism","volume":"17","author":"Evensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0130","unstructured":"All army activities (ALARACT) message 094\/2020, R 221639Z OCT 20: implementation of army sickle cell trait (SCT) screening of all soldiers. US Army, 2020."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00089","article-title":"Screening for sickle\u2010cell trait at accession to the United States military","volume":"179","author":"Webber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1516257","article-title":"Sickle cell trait, rhabdomyolysis, and mortality among U.S. Army soldiers","volume":"375","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0145","unstructured":"Military health system data repository. 2019. https:\/\/www.health.mil\/Military\u2010Health\u2010Topics\/Technology\/Clinical\u2010Support\/Military\u2010Health\u2010System\u2010Data\u2010Repository. Accessed March 31, 2021."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0150","unstructured":"Smith R. e\u2010Profile: new commander\u2019s tool assists in assessing, tracking unit\u2019s medical readiness. Fort Hood Sentinel. III Corps Headquarters, Fort Hood, TX. 2015. http:\/\/www.forthoodsentinel.com\/news\/e\u2010profile\u2010new\u2010commander\u2010s\u2010tool\u2010assists\u2010in\u2010assessing\u2010tracking\u2010unit\u2010s\u2010medical\u2010readiness\/article_f3132e00\u2010c75b\u20105929\u2010b084\u2010d7774354c388.html. Accessed August 14, 2020."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0155","unstructured":"Defense Manpower Data Center. Welcome to DMDC. 2020. https:\/\/dwp.dmdc.osd.mil\/dwp\/app\/main. Accessed March 31, 2021."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0160","unstructured":"Schwennesenm S. DTMS supports training and readiness reporting. 2018. https:\/\/www.army.mil\/article\/205783\/dtms_supports_training_and_readiness_reporting. Accessed March 31, 2021."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0165","unstructured":"USMEPCOM regulation No. 601\u201023: personnel procurement, enlistment processing. United States Military Entrance Processing Command (USMEPCOM), 2018."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0170","unstructured":"Army regulation 40\u2010501: standards of medical fitness. US Army, 2019."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0175","first-page":"18","article-title":"The validity of using ICD\u20109 codes for identifying venous thromboembolism following below\u2010knee surgery","volume":"17","author":"Heijboer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ortho J Harvard Med Sch"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0180","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. About adult BMI. 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyweight\/assessing\/bmi\/adult_bmi\/index.html. Accessed August 14, 2020."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0185","unstructured":"FM 7\u201022: army physical readiness training. US Army, 2012."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0190","first-page":"869","article-title":"Age is a major risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE)","author":"Couturaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.11.1245","article-title":"Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population\u2010based study","volume":"162","author":"Heit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08956.x","article-title":"Risk of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy: a population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"156","author":"Sultan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2012.01.017","article-title":"Pregnancy\u2010related venous thromboembolism: risk and the effect of thromboprophylaxis","volume":"129","author":"Lussana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Stata statistical software: release 16","key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0210"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0215","unstructured":"DoD instruction 6130.03: medical standards for appointment, enlistment, or induction into the military services. US DoD, 2018."},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.08.022","article-title":"Weight gain of service members after basic military training","volume":"58","author":"Webber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076816651037","article-title":"Risk of individual malignant neoplasms in patients with sickle cell disease: English national record linkage study","volume":"109","author":"Seminog","year":"2016","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-05-783233","article-title":"Increased risk of leukemia among sickle cell disease patients in California","volume":"130","author":"Brunson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0235","first-page":"8","article-title":"The reality of cancer incidence in sickle cell disease patients","volume":"41","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Onc Times"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-00006","article-title":"Superficial venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism: a large, prospective epidemiologic study","volume":"152","author":"Decousus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70007-1","article-title":"Progression of superficial venous thrombosis to deep vein thrombosis","volume":"24","author":"Chengelis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-120543","article-title":"Bleeding risk and the management of bleeding complications in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy: focus on new anticoagulant agents","volume":"111","author":"Crowther","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-013-0899-7","article-title":"Assessing bleeding risk in patients taking anticoagulants","volume":"35","author":"Shoeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e318214d828","article-title":"Thromboembolic disorders: guidance for return\u2010to\u2010play","volume":"10","author":"Depenbrock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1111\/jth.15422_bb0265","unstructured":"CENTCOM Individual Protection and Individual\u2010Unit Deployment Policy, Section 15.C. Medical Deployability, Tab\u2010A: Amplification of the Minimal Standards of Fitness for Deployment to the CENTCOM AOR, Section 7.I.3.a Theraputic Anticoagulants. US Central Command, 2020."}],"container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jth.15422","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jth.15422","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783622018906?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783622018906?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jth.15422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T03:31:56Z","timestamp":1761535916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1538783622018906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1538783622018906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.15422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-7836"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1538-7836"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An investigation of sickle cell trait, body mass index, and fitness in relation to venous thromboembolism among African American adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.15422","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2021 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}