{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T12:44:40Z","timestamp":1759063480240},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AI077757","R01 A013324","U19 AI088791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI077757","R01 A013324","U19 AI088791"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chemokines and cytokines play a vital role in directing and regulating immune responses to viral infections. Persistent hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection is characterized by the loss of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> cellular immune responses, while control of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection is associated with maintenance of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> cellular immune responses. To determine whether plasma concentrations of 19 chemokines and cytokines controlling <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell trafficking and function differed based on infection outcome, we compared them in at\u2010risk subjects followed prospectively for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Levels were compared over time in subjects who controlled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>learance) and subjects who developed persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ersistence) at two time points during acute infection: (i) first viraemic sample (initial viraemia) and (ii) last viraemic sample in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>learance subjects and time\u2010matched samples in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ersistence subjects. At initial viraemia, increased pro\u2010inflammatory tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1) plasma concentrations were observed in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>learance group, while the plasma levels of anti\u2010inflammatory interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 were higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ersistence group. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 was positively correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 at initial viraemia in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ersistence group. At the time of last viraemia, plasma levels of eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein\u20104 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 were higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ersistence group and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 levels were positively correlated. Collectively, these results suggest that the development of persistent infection is associated with an anti\u2010inflammatory and pro\u2010fibrogenic chemokine and cytokine profile that is evident at the onset of infection and maintained throughout acute infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T09:03:04Z","timestamp":1360141384000},"page":"404-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines, pro\u2010fibrogenic chemokines and persistence of acute <scp>HCV<\/scp> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"W. O.","family":"Osburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Chattergoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Hepatitis C: global prevalence","volume":"72","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06839-3.00154-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5536","article-title":"Expression of IFN\u2010inducible protein\u201010 in chronic hepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Narumi S","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2011.00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.074062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0832180100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403519101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1395-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.9.4850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7770771"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7860-7867.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01548-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4772","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.10.4772","article-title":"Induction of tolerance by IL\u201010\u2010treated dendritic cells","volume":"10","author":"Steinbrink K","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840380412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.19.6629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305064101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.790116.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JAS-120024590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04621.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir642"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvh.12052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvh.12052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.12052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T09:29:58Z","timestamp":1700645398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.12052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.12052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.12052","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]}}}