{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:08:19Z","timestamp":1791151699055,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Hepatitis D<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HDV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection is acquired as a co\u2010 \/superinfection of H<\/jats:styled-content>epatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> virus (HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) and can modulate the pathophysiology of chronic hepatitis B<\/jats:styled-content> and related liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the eight distinct HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes reported, relatively few studies have attempted to investigate the prevalence of HDV<\/jats:styled-content> mixed genotypes and RNA<\/jats:styled-content> recombination of HDV<\/jats:styled-content>. With a recorded prevalence of 10\u201320% HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in V<\/jats:styled-content>ietnam, this study investigated the HDV<\/jats:styled-content> variability, HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes and HDV<\/jats:styled-content> recombination among twenty\u2010one HDV<\/jats:styled-content> isolates in V<\/jats:styled-content>ietnamese HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg\u2010positive patients. HDV<\/jats:styled-content> subgenomic and full\u2010length genome sequences were obtained using newly established HDV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content> techniques. The nucleotide homology was observed from 74.6% to 99.4% among the investigated full\u2010length genome of the HDV<\/jats:styled-content> isolates. We observed HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 1 and HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 2 in the investigated V<\/jats:styled-content>ietnamese patients. Although no HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype mixtures were observed, we report here a newly identified recombinant of HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes (HDV<\/jats:styled-content> 1 and HDV<\/jats:styled-content> 2). The identified recombinant HDV<\/jats:styled-content> isolate C03 revealed sequence homology to both HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 1 (nt1 to nt907) and HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 2 (nt908 to nt1675; HDA<\/jats:styled-content>g coding region) with a breakpoint at nt908. Our findings demonstrate the prevalence of intergenotypic recombination between HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes 1 and 2 in a V<\/jats:styled-content>ietnamese HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg\u2010positive patient. Extended investigation on the distribution and prevalence of HDV<\/jats:styled-content>, HDV<\/jats:styled-content> mixed genotypes and recombinant HDV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes in a larger V<\/jats:styled-content>ietnamese population offers vital insights into understanding of the micro\u2010epidemiology of HDV<\/jats:styled-content> and subsequent pathophysiology in chronic HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 \/HDV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T02:46:10Z","timestamp":1392777970000},"page":"55-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Identification of a natural intergenotypic recombinant hepatitis delta virus genotype 1 and 2 in V<\/scp>ietnamese HB<\/scp>sAg\u2010positive patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"B. T.","family":"Sy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Vietnam Military Medical University Ha Noi Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. M.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. L.","family":"Toan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Military Medical University Ha Noi Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. H.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tran Hung Dao Hospital 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ha Noi Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. V.","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Wolboldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. Q.","family":"Binh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Military Medical Bureau Ha Noi Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. G.","family":"Kremsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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