{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T16:40:12Z","timestamp":1778949612533,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH CTSA","award":["UL1 RR025744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR025744"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Entecavir (ETV<\/jats:styled-content>) is a first\u2010line antiviral therapy for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB<\/jats:styled-content>); however, some patients have suboptimal response to ETV<\/jats:styled-content>. Currently, there are limited data on how to approach these patients. Therefore, our aim was to compare the effectiveness of two alternate therapies \u2013 tenofovir (TDF<\/jats:styled-content>) monotherapy and combination therapy of ETV<\/jats:styled-content>+TDF<\/jats:styled-content> \u2013 in CHB<\/jats:styled-content> patients with ETV<\/jats:styled-content> partial virological response. We conducted a retrospective study of 68 patients who had partial virological response to ETV<\/jats:styled-content>, defined as having detectable HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> following at least 12\u00a0months of ETV<\/jats:styled-content>, and were switched to TDF<\/jats:styled-content> monotherapy (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a025) or ETV<\/jats:styled-content>+TDF<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a043). Patients were seen in seven US liver\/community\u2010based clinics and started on ETV<\/jats:styled-content> between 2005 and 2009. The majority of patients were male; the vast majority were Asian and had positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Patients in both groups had similar pretreatment characteristics. Complete viral suppression (CVS<\/jats:styled-content>) rates with TDF<\/jats:styled-content> monotherapy and ETV<\/jats:styled-content>+TDF<\/jats:styled-content> were similar after 6\u00a0months (71% vs<\/jats:italic> 83%, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.23) and 12\u00a0months (86% vs<\/jats:italic> 84%, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.85), and there was no statistically significant difference in CVS<\/jats:styled-content> rates even when only patients with higher HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels at switch (>1000\u00a0IU\/mL) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis indicated that ETV<\/jats:styled-content>+TDF<\/jats:styled-content> was not an independent predictor of CVS<\/jats:styled-content> compared to TDF<\/jats:styled-content> monotherapy (OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.19, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.63). In conclusion, TDF<\/jats:styled-content> monotherapy and ETV<\/jats:styled-content>+TDF<\/jats:styled-content> are comparable in achieving CVS<\/jats:styled-content> in CHB<\/jats:styled-content> patients with partial virological response to ETV<\/jats:styled-content>. Long\u2010term alternate therapy with one pill (TDF<\/jats:styled-content> monotherapy) vs<\/jats:italic> two pills (ETV<\/jats:styled-content>+TDF<\/jats:styled-content>) could lead to lower nonadherence rates and better treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T06:13:33Z","timestamp":1416809613000},"page":"675-681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Tenofovir\u2010based alternate therapies for chronic hepatitis B patients with partial virological response to entecavir"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Jose Gastroenterology San Jose CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. Q.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology NYU Langone Medical Center NYU School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010H. B.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfleger Liver Institute Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. C.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christopher Wong, MD San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation Mountain View CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Procare Flushing NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Center for Clinical Informatics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. C.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clifford Wong, MD San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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