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This study assessed factors associated with HCV RNA levels during early chronic infection in a population with well\u2010defined early chronic HCV infection. Data were from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts studying acute HCV infection (InC<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> study). Individuals with persistent HCV and detectable HCV RNA during early chronic infection (one year [\u00b14\u00a0months] postinfection) were included. Distribution of HCV RNA levels during early chronic infection was compared by selected host and virological factors. A total of 308 individuals were included. Median HCV RNA levels were significantly higher among males (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> females; 5.15 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 4.74 log IU\/mL; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) and among individuals with HIV co\u2010infection (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> no HIV; 5.89 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 4.86; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02). In adjusted logistic regression, male sex (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> female, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.01, 3.69), interferon lambda 4 (<jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic>) rs12979860 CC genotype (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> TT\/CT; AOR: 2.48; 95%CI: 1.42, 4.35), HIV co\u2010infection (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> no HIV; AOR: 3.27; 95%CI: 1.35, 7.93) and HCV genotype G2 (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> G3; AOR: 5.40; 95%CI: 1.63, 17.84) were independently associated with high HCV RNA levels (&gt;5.6 log IU\/mL\u00a0=\u00a0400\u00a0000\u00a0IU\/mL). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that <jats:italic>IFNL4<\/jats:italic> rs12979860 CC genotype, male sex, HIV co\u2010infection and HCV genotype G2 are associated with high HCV RNA levels in early chronic infection. These factors exert their role as early as one year following infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T08:35:57Z","timestamp":1420706157000},"page":"708-717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Factors associated with hepatitis C virus RNA levels in early chronic infection: the InC<sup>3<\/sup> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Hajarizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Australia Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster Infectious Diseases GGD Public Health Service of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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