{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:27:15Z","timestamp":1790810835299,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AA014372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA014372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients regularly consume alcohol. Alcoholic liver disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALD<\/jats:styled-content>) and chronic hepatitis C virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection together are the most common causes of liver disease worldwide. Although both factors independently cause liver disease, they synergistically promote rapid liver disease progression with devastating outcomes for patients. This review focuses on the prevalence, clinical characteristics and molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection associated with alcohol abuse. Recent findings have centred on the synergistic effect of alcohol and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> on viral replication, hepatocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, alcohol\u2010induced \u2018leaky gut\u2019, miR\u2010122 and immune dysregulation. Clinical and basic research findings presented here summarize key scientific findings with the aim of highlighting potential areas for new therapies and identifying ways of optimizing current treatments for alcoholics with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T07:25:52Z","timestamp":1425626752000},"page":"769-776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Alcoholic hepatitis and <scp>HCV<\/scp> interactions in the modulation of liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"C. S.","family":"Punzalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. N.","family":"Bukong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2010.00470.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200303000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i43.6909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3180381584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.4.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.3.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.20798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328355cce0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328343b085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181fdef1d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80419-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410080031005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.6.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00407-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2003.01804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200405000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0805786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.050781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9099-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202203260802"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25544"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00047-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v3.i5.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/33.6.606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.2.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80242-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2003.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90933-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03958.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3398"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Hepatitis C and alcohol","volume":"27","author":"Schiff ER","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-12-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0112050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2003.tb04431.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-832942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80284-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00452.x"},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4865","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i36.4865","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and apoptosis","volume":"13","author":"Fischer R","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00061.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/593216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270635"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.056697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.1.2.1066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00809-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813371106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.12.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/498232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306138110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00013-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80424-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.189639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1377-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.10.019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvh.12399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvh.12399","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.12399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T12:07:49Z","timestamp":1696248469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.12399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.12399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.12399","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]]}}}