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The optimal timing of treatment, regimen and influence of host factors remains unclear. We aimed to measure sustained virological response (SVR<\/jats:styled-content>) during recent HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and identify predictors of response. Data were from five prospective cohorts of high\u2010risk individuals in Australia, Canada, Germany and the United States. Individuals with acute or early chronic HCV<\/jats:styled-content> who commenced pegylated interferon therapy were included. The main outcome was SVR<\/jats:styled-content>, and predictors were assessed using logistic regression. Among 516 with documented recent HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, 237 were treated (pegylated interferon n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0161; pegylated interferon\/ribavirin n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a076) (30% female, median age 35\u00a0years, 56% ever injected drugs, median duration of infection 6.2\u00a0months). Sixteen per cent (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038) were HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HCV<\/jats:styled-content> co\u2010infected. SVR<\/jats:styled-content> among those with HCV<\/jats:styled-content> mono\u2010infection was 64% by intention to\u00a0treat; SVR<\/jats:styled-content> was 68% among HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HIV<\/jats:styled-content> co\u2010infection. Independent predictors of SVR<\/jats:styled-content> in HCV<\/jats:styled-content> mono\u2010infection were duration of HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (the odds of SVR<\/jats:styled-content> declined by 8% per month of infection, aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.92, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.85\u20130.99, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.033), IFNL<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic> genotype (adjusted OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.27, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a01.13\u20134.56, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.021), baseline HCV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> <400\u00a0000 IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/mL (aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.06, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.03\u20134.12, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.041) and age \u226540\u00a0years (vs<\/jats:italic> <30: aOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.92, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.31\u20136.49, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009), with no difference by drug regimen, HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype, symptomatic infection or gender. The effect of infection duration on odds of SVR<\/jats:styled-content> was greater among genotype\u20101 infection. Interferon\u2010based HCV<\/jats:styled-content> treatment is highly effective in recent HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Duration of infection, IFNL<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic> genotype and baseline HCV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels can predict virological response and may inform clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]],"date-time":"2015-06-22T10:15:15Z","timestamp":1434968115000},"page":"1020-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Response to treatment following recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection in a multicentre collaborative cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"J. S.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Burnet Institute Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Deterding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Hep\u2010Net Study House: German Network of Competence on Viral Hepatitis Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Grebely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute UNSW Australia Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Hep\u2010Net Study House: German Network of Competence on Viral Hepatitis Hannover Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Hannover\u2010Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sacks\u2010Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Burnet Institute Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Spelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Burnet Institute Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute UNSW Australia Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. M.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. H.","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCHUM Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences UNSW Australia Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Hep\u2010Net Study House: German Network of Competence on Viral Hepatitis Hannover Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) Hannover\u2010Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Burnet Institute Melbourne Vic. 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