{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T07:59:12Z","timestamp":1722931152851},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1\u2010AI\u201035004","UO1\u2010AI\u201031834","UO1\u2010AI\u201034994","UO1\u2010AI\u201034989","UO1\u2010AI\u201034993","UO1\u2010AI\u201042590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1\u2010AI\u201035004","UO1\u2010AI\u201031834","UO1\u2010AI\u201034994","UO1\u2010AI\u201034989","UO1\u2010AI\u201034993","UO1\u2010AI\u201042590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1\u2010HD\u201032632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1\u2010HD\u201032632"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>African Americans coinfected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and hepatitis C virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) have lower liver\u2010related mortality than Caucasians and Hispanics. While genetic polymorphisms near the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFNL<\/jats:styled-content>3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFNL<\/jats:styled-content>4 genes explain a significant fraction of racial differences in several <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related outcomes, the impact of these variants on liver\u2010related mortality has not been investigated. We conducted a cohort study of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010coinfected women followed in the multicentre, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010funded Women's Interagency <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> Study (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WIHS<\/jats:styled-content>) to investigate whether 10 polymorphisms spanning the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03bb region were associated with liver\u2010related mortality by dominant, recessive or additive genetic models. We also considered whether these polymorphisms contributed to previously reported differences in liver\u2010related death by race\/ethnicity (ascertained by self\u2010report and ancestry informative markers). Among 794 coinfected women, there were 471 deaths including 55 liver\u2010related deaths during up to 18\u00a0years of follow\u2010up. On adjusted analysis, rs12980275 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GG<\/jats:styled-content> genotype compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AG<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> hazards ratios [(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.36, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.14\u20130.90, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.029] and rs8109886 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> genotype compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.67, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.45\u20130.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.047) were most strongly associated with liver\u2010related death although these associations were no longer significant after adjusting for race\/ethnicity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.41, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.16\u20131.04, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.060 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.78, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.51\u20131.19, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.25, respectively). African American women had persistently lower liver\u2010related death independent of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03bb variants (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>s\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.04). The lower risk of death among African American <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010coinfected women is not explained by genetic variation in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03bb region suggesting, that other genetic, behavioural and\/or environmental factors may contribute to racial\/ethnic differences in liver\u2010related mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T09:32:55Z","timestamp":1435311175000},"page":"1055-1060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of IFNL3 and IFNL4 polymorphisms with liver\u2010related mortality in a multiracial cohort of HIV\/HCV\u2010coinfected women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Aouzierat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bacchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Prokunina\u2010Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Genomics Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine CORE Center\/Stroger Hospital of Cook County Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Seaberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. R.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. H.","family":"Kuniholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology &amp; Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Minkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Maimonides Medical Center Brooklyn NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Plankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Georgetown University Washington D.C. USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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