{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:49:03Z","timestamp":1790732943988,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]],"date-time":"2016-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occult hepatitis B virus infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content>) is characterized by the absence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg and persistence of the virus genome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>) in liver tissue and\/or blood. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> has been reported in several clinical contexts. However, the clinical significance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> in tuberculosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment is unknown. We investigated the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence and its impact on the risk of drug\u2010induced liver injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DILI<\/jats:styled-content>) during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. This was a prospective cohort study with one hundred patients who were treated for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> from 2008 to 2015. Laboratory, clinical and demographic data of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> patients were extracted from medical records. Based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> testing of serum samples, an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence of 12% was established; almost half of these patients had both anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>c and anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>s serological markers. Low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell counts have been shown to be a risk factor for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> patients co\u2010infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.036). High <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DILI<\/jats:styled-content> incidence was observed in this study. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was conducted and identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.98, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.30\u20136.86) as the strongest predictor for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DILI<\/jats:styled-content> when adjusted to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell count (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.38, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.17\u20130.90), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALT<\/jats:styled-content> before <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.37, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.81\u20132.32) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> extrapulmonary clinical form (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.91, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.75\u20137.21). The main aim of this study was to highlight <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DILI<\/jats:styled-content> as a clinical outcome during treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content>. Therefore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> testing should be considered routinely in monitoring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DILI<\/jats:styled-content>, and also in other clinical implications associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBI<\/jats:styled-content>, reduce morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T03:52:47Z","timestamp":1473825167000},"page":"1027-1035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Occult hepatitis B virus infection: clinical implications in tuberculosis treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Trigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Research Laboratory Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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