{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:29:23Z","timestamp":1758702563656},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A persistent hepatitis B virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection is characterized by a lack of or a weak immune response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>, which may be reflective of tolerance to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>. Efficient induction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific immune response leads to the clearance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with a chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODN<\/jats:styled-content>) has a powerful adjuvant effect in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccination. A recent report demonstrated that the immunization by B\/K CpG <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ODN<\/jats:styled-content> (K3) wrapped by the nonagonistic Dectin\u20101 ligand, schizophyllan (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content>), namely K3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content>, was more effective in the induction of antigen\u2010specific immune response than that by K3. In this study, we examined the efficacy of K3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content> as a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine adjuvant. Wild\u2010type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>) mice and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> transgenic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Tg) mice were subcutaneously immunized with hepatitis B surface antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg) alone, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg and K3, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg and K3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content>. The vaccination with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg and K3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content> significantly enhanced humoral and cellular immune response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> antigen compared to the other vaccinations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Tg mice. K3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content> induced the accumulation of dendritic cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s) into draining lymph node and the activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s. The expression of cytokines and chemokines related to Th1 and Th2 responses was upregulated after the vaccination including with K3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content>. In conclusion, these results indicated that the vaccination using K3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPG<\/jats:styled-content> may overcome tolerance even in patients with chronic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T07:29:25Z","timestamp":1478158165000},"page":"155-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Induction of humoral and cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus (<scp>HBV<\/scp>) vaccine can be upregulated by CpG oligonucleotides complexed with Dectin\u20101 ligand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kanbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informative Clinical Medicine Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine  Gifu Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kobiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition  Ibaraki Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Science World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University  Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition  Ibaraki Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Science World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University  Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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