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Further, the protective efficacy of these vaccine regimens was studied in a mouse model. High titres of antigen\u2010specific antibodies and neutralizing activity were elicited in mice after vaccination. However, robust multi\u2010antigen (preS1 and S)\u2010specific cell\u2010mediated immunity (CMI) was only detected in mice primed with HBSS1 and boosted with rAdSS1. Moreover, functional T\u2010cell responses with high levels of cytokines and antigen\u2010specific cytotoxic T\u2010cell responses (CD107a<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were also detected in the mice. Rapid clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA in blood and significantly decreased hepatitis B envelope antigen levels were observed in mice immunized with the heterogeneous prime\u2010boost vaccine after hepatitis B virus challenge by hydrodynamic injection (HI) of pCS\u2010HBV1.3. The clearance of HBV correlated well with antigen\u2010specific CMI (Th1 and CTL responses) and cytokine profiles (IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20102) elicited by vaccination. Taken together, our results might contribute to the development of new human HBV vaccines and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune protection and clearance of hepatitis B virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T09:46:49Z","timestamp":1480067209000},"page":"337-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protective efficacy and hepatitis B virus clearance in mice enhanced by cell\u2010mediated immunity with novel prime\u2010boost regimens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"X.","family":"Chuai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang Heibei Province 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