{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:50:43Z","timestamp":1789095043611,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) is easily spread among those who share drug injection equipment. Due to the ease of contraction and growing prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> in Eastern Europe, the aims of this study focused on describing risky injection practices as well as the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and hepatitis B virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>) among people who inject drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWID<\/jats:styled-content>) who were admitted to public and private drug treatment centres in Turkey from 2012 to 2013. Other aims included identifying correlates of needle sharing and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Of the 4694 inpatients who ever injected drugs and the 3914 who injected in the past 30\u00a0days, nearly all (98%) reported heroin as their drug of choice, the vast majority reported ever sharing a needle (73.4% and 79.3%), and the mean age at first injection was 23\u00a0years. Of current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWID<\/jats:styled-content>, 51.9% were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive, 5.9% were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and only 0.34% of lifetime <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWID<\/jats:styled-content> were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive. Predictors of increased needle sharing include younger age, being unemployed, having lesser education and reporting heroin as a drug of choice. Significant predictors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection included being 40\u00a0years or older, receiving treatment in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, reporting heroin as a primary substance, a longer duration of drug use and sharing needles. With this information, it is essential to improve access to clean injection equipment in Turkey, to focus on improving education on clean injection practices and to enhance efforts in testing and treating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWID<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T12:53:23Z","timestamp":1481115203000},"page":"496-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Hepatitis C infection and other drug\u2010related harms among inpatients who injected drugs in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Alaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Institute for Health and Human Rights State University of New York at Albany  Albany NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior School of Public Health State University of New York at Albany  Rensselaer NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Alaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Institute for Health and Human Rights State University of New York at Albany  Albany NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior School of Public Health State University of New York at Albany  Rensselaer NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Administration and Policy State University of New York at Albany  Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Waye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Institute for Health and Human Rights State University of New York at Albany  Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health State University of New York at Albany  Rensselaer NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nalbandyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health State University of New York at Albany  Rensselaer NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Gelisim University  Avc\u0131lar Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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