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The aim of this analysis was to calculate the incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> reinfection among both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative individuals treated for recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (estimated infection duration &lt;18\u00a0months). Individuals with recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection who achieved an end\u2010of\u2010treatment response in four open\u2010label studies between 2004 and 2015 in Australia and New Zealand were assessed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> reinfection, confirmed by sequencing of the Core\u2010E2 and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>5B regions. Reinfection incidence was calculated using person\u2010time of observation. Exact Poisson regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> reinfection. The cohort at risk for reinfection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=120; 83% male; median age 36\u00a0years) was composed of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive men\u2010who\u2010have\u2010sex\u2010with\u2010men (53%) and people who inject drugs (current 49%, ever 69%). Total follow\u2010up time at risk was 135 person\u2010years (median 1.08\u00a0years, range 0.17, 2.53). Ten cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> reinfection were identified, for an incidence of 7.4 per 100 py (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 4.0, 13.8). Reinfection incidence was significantly higher among participants who reported injection drug use at end of or post\u2010treatment, irrespective of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> status (15.5 per 100 py, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 7.8, 31.1). In adjusted analysis, factors associated with reinfection were older age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aIRR<\/jats:styled-content> 5.3, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.15, 51.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.042) and injection drug use at end of or post\u2010treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aIRR<\/jats:styled-content> 7.9, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.6, 77.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.008). High reinfection incidence following treatment for recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in individuals with ongoing risk behaviour emphasizes the need for post\u2010treatment surveillance, harm reduction strategies and education in at\u2010risk populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T20:47:06Z","timestamp":1482871626000},"page":"359-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["<scp>HCV<\/scp> reinfection incidence among individuals treated for recent infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Martinello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Grebely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Petoumenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program Kirby Institute UNSW Australia  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Gane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Hospital  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Burnet Institute  Melbourne Vic. 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