{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:35:10Z","timestamp":1779878110516,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 DA 026797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 DA 026797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extensive genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) requires in\u2010depth understanding of the population dynamics of different viral subtypes for more effective control of epidemic outbreaks. We analysed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> sequences data from 125 participants in Wuhan, China. These participants were newly infected by subtype 1b (n=13), 3a (n=15), 3b (n=50) and 6a (n=39) while on methadone maintenance treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMT<\/jats:styled-content>). Bayesian phylogenies and demographic histories were inferred for these subtypes. Participants infected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101b and 3a were clustered in well\u2010supported monophyletic clades, indicating local subepidemics. Subtypes 3b and 6a strains were intermixed with other Chinese isolates, as well as isolates from other Asian countries, reflecting ongoing across geographic boundary transmissions. Subtypes 1b and 3a declined continuously during the past ten years, consistent with the health and economic reform in China, while subtype 3b showed ongoing exponential growth and 6a was characterized by several epidemic waves, possibly related to the recently growing number of travellers between China and other Asian countries. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> subtype 3b and 6a subepidemics in China are currently not under control, and new epidemic waves may emerge given the rapid increase in international travelling following substantial economic growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T18:40:22Z","timestamp":1484592022000},"page":"551-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Population dynamics of hepatitis C virus subtypes in injecting drug users on methadone maintenance treatment in China associated with economic and health reform"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases Reference Centre on Phylogeny Molecular Epidemiology and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM)\/Epidemiology Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.\u2010H.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010Q.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.\u2010L.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ciccozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases Reference Centre on Phylogeny Molecular Epidemiology and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM)\/Epidemiology Unit Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0  Rome Italy"},{"name":"University Hospital Campus Bio\u2010Medico  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Salemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville FL USA"},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida  Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health and Health Profession &amp; 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