{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T21:27:47Z","timestamp":1773696467005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015066","name":"Virgo consortium","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FES0908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FES0908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Natural killer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>) cells have long been thought of as a purely innate immune cell population, but increasing reports have described developmental and functional qualities of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells that are commonly associated with cells of the adaptive immune system. Of these features, the ability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells to acquire functional qualities associated with immunological memory and continuous differentiation resulting in the formation of specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell repertoires has recently been highlighted in viral infection settings. By making use of a unique cohort of monitored, at\u2010risk intravenous drug users in this study, we were able to dissect the phenotypic and functional parameters associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell differentiation and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell memory in patients 3\u00a0years after acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and either the subsequent self\u2010clearance or progression to chronicity. We observed increased expression of cytolytic mediators and markers <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>p46<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells in patients with chronic, but not self\u2010limited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Patients with a self\u2010limited infection expressed higher levels of differentiation\u2010associated markers <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>57 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KIR<\/jats:styled-content>s, and lower levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKG<\/jats:styled-content>2A. A more extensively differentiated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell phenotype is associated with self\u2010clearance in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> patients, while the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells of chronic patients exhibited more na\u00efve and effector <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell phenotypic and functional characteristics. The identification of these distinct <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell repertoires may shed light on the role <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells play in determining the outcome of acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infections, and the underlying immunological defects that lead to chronicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T10:22:48Z","timestamp":1492424568000},"page":"917-926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<scp>NK<\/scp> cells in self\u2010limited <scp>HCV<\/scp> infection exhibit a more extensively differentiated, but not memory\u2010like, repertoire"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"de Groen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z. M. A.","family":"Groothuismink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"van Oord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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