{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:57:26Z","timestamp":1792421846162,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>The emergence of improved antiretroviral therapy has increased the life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010infected individuals, although there is an increased susceptibility to developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD<\/jats:styled-content>). The risk for CVD<\/jats:styled-content> is purported to be even higher among people with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> and hepatitis C virus (HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) coinfection because of the increased inflammatory response, which may synergistically impact CVD risk. However, studies comparing CVD<\/jats:styled-content> outcomes between HIV<\/jats:styled-content> alone and HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HCV<\/jats:styled-content> individuals have been discordant. Accordingly, we conducted a meta\u2010analysis to clarify and quantify the association between HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HCV<\/jats:styled-content> coinfection and the risk for CVD<\/jats:styled-content>. We searched EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>, CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content>, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to December 2016 to identify studies that provided information on HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HCV<\/jats:styled-content> coinfection and CVD<\/jats:styled-content>, defined as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and stroke. We used a random\u2010effects model to abstract and pool data on the hazard ratios (HR<\/jats:styled-content>s) for CVD<\/jats:styled-content>. HRs were adjusted for traditional CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk factors including age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and LDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol. Among the 283 articles reviewed, four cohort studies met inclusion criteria with a total of 33\u00a0723 participants. The pooled adjusted HR<\/jats:styled-content>s for the association between HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HCV<\/jats:styled-content> coinfection and CVD<\/jats:styled-content> were 1.24 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.07\u20101.40) compared to HIV<\/jats:styled-content> monoinfection. The test for heterogeneity was not statistically significant (I<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup>=0.0%, P<\/jats:italic>=.397). In conclusion, individuals with HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/HCV<\/jats:styled-content> coinfection had an increased CVD risk compared to those with HIV<\/jats:styled-content> monoinfection. More research is needed to further examine the nature of this association, and response to traditional risk\u2010reduction therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,14]],"date-time":"2017-05-14T10:28:19Z","timestamp":1494757699000},"page":"998-1004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["HIV<\/scp>\/HCV<\/scp> coinfection and the risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Osibogun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work Florida International University Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Ogunmoroti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work Florida International University Miami FL USA"},{"name":"Center for Healthcare Advancement and Outcomes Baptist Health South Florida Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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