{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:28:53Z","timestamp":1777638533598,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health & Medical Research Fund of Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["13120202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13120202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>While hepatitis C virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection is long known to be associated with parenteral exposure, the specific route of transmission is not identified in a proportion of infected patients. Taking blood donors as the surrogate of healthy adults in the community in Hong Kong, we identified 91 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected donors (\u22640.02% positive rate) in 2014\u20102016, of whom 46 were recruited in a mixed\u2010method study to examine their transmission routes. A majority (75%) of the recruited donors were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> positive, with the predominant subtypes being 1b and 6a. From the results of the structured self\u2010administered questionnaire and in\u2010depth interviews, only 14 (30%) recruited donors could be traced to past history of contaminated blood transfusion (n\u00a0=\u00a09) or injection drug use (n\u00a0=\u00a05). Case\u2010control analyses with 3 different control groups were performed to examine factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in multivariable analyses. High\u2010risk sexual behaviour, body piercing, intramuscular injection and vaccine inoculation abroad, having lived abroad for &gt;3\u00a0months were significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> in donors with otherwise nonidentifiable source of infection. While the specific route of transmission cannot be established for each person, associations with multiple parenteral exposures outside Hong Kong were observed. The World Health Organization has advocated for the global elimination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> by 2030. With a high proportion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected persons who are unaware of their infections, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> elimination could be hard to achieve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]],"date-time":"2017-10-15T15:06:33Z","timestamp":1508079993000},"page":"161-170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of hepatitis C infection and its associated factors in healthy adults without identifiable route of transmission"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. 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