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Cohort studies of patients with chronic hepatitis C identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype 3 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV GT<\/jats:styled-content>3) as the prevalent steatotic genotype. Moreover, Huh\u20107 cells over\u2010expressing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV GT<\/jats:styled-content>3 core protein accumulate more triglyceride in larger lipid droplets than cells expressing core proteins of other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> genotypes. However, little is known about the relationship of steatosis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection at the cellular level in vivo. In this study, we used highly sensitive multiplex in situ hybridization methodology together with lipid staining to investigate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced lipid droplet accumulation at the cellular level in liver biopsies. Consistent with previous reports, histological steatosis grades were significantly higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content>3 compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content>1 infected livers, but independent of viral load. Using nile red lipid stainings, we observed that the frequency of lipid droplet containing cells was similar in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV GT<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV GT<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010infected livers. Lipid droplet formation preferentially occurred in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected cells irrespective of the genotype, but was also observed in noninfected cells. These findings demonstrate that the main difference between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GT<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010induced steatosis is the size of lipid droplets, but not the number or relative distribution of lipid droplets in infected vs uninfected hepatocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T06:52:38Z","timestamp":1509432758000},"page":"262-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In vivo analysis at the cellular level reveals similar steatosis induction in both hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and 3 infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Campana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Basel University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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