{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T18:05:34Z","timestamp":1759601134433,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Recent studies suggest that withdrawal of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG<\/jats:styled-content>) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA<\/jats:styled-content>) prophylaxis may be considered in HBV<\/jats:styled-content> surface antigen (HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg)\u2010negative liver transplant (LT<\/jats:styled-content>) recipients with a low risk of disease recurrence. However, the frequency of occult HBV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (OBI<\/jats:styled-content>) and HBV<\/jats:styled-content> variants after LT<\/jats:styled-content> in the current era of potent NA<\/jats:styled-content> therapy is unknown. Twelve LT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients on prophylaxis were tested in matched plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs<\/jats:styled-content>) for HBV<\/jats:styled-content> quasispecies by in\u2010house nested PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and next\u2010generation sequencing of amplicons. HBV<\/jats:styled-content> covalently closed circular DNA<\/jats:styled-content> (cccDNA<\/jats:styled-content>) was detected in Hirt DNA<\/jats:styled-content> isolated from PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>s with cccDNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific primers and confirmed by nucleic acid hybridization and Sanger sequencing. HBV mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> in PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> was detected with reverse\u2010transcriptase nested PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. In LT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients on immunosuppressive therapy (10\/12 male; median age 57.5 [IQR<\/jats:styled-content>: 39.8\u201066.5]; median follow\u2010up post\u2010LT<\/jats:styled-content> 60\u00a0months; 6 pre\u2010LT<\/jats:styled-content> hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC<\/jats:styled-content>]), 9 were HB<\/jats:styled-content>sAg\u2010. HBV DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in all plasma and PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> tested; cccDNA<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in the PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> of 10\/12 patients. Significant HBV<\/jats:styled-content> quasispecies diversity (ie 143\u20102212 nonredundant HBV<\/jats:styled-content> species) was noted in both sites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cirrhosis and HCC<\/jats:styled-content> were detected at varying frequencies. In conclusion, OBI<\/jats:styled-content> and HBV<\/jats:styled-content> variants associated with severe liver disease persist in LT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients on prophylaxis. Although HBV<\/jats:styled-content> control and cccDNA<\/jats:styled-content> transcriptional silencing may occur despite immunosuppression, complete virological eradication does not occur in LT<\/jats:styled-content> recipients with a history of HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related end\u2010stage liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T04:06:19Z","timestamp":1515557179000},"page":"724-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Deep sequencing shows low\u2010level oncogenic hepatitis B virus variants persists post\u2013liver transplant despite potent anti\u2010HBV<\/scp> prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. C. K.","family":"Lau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Calgary Liver Unit Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Osiowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloodborne Pathogens and Hepatitis, Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloodborne Pathogens and Hepatitis, Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lusina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Liver Unit Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"van Marle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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