{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T04:30:43Z","timestamp":1754109043025,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Tubular renal toxicity is a side\u2010effect of long\u2010term therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogue(s) (NA<\/jats:styled-content>) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB<\/jats:styled-content>). There are no established surrogate markers in plasma of early NA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related toxicity. Neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>) is a protein produced by tubular cells following renal damage. We aimed therefore to retrospectively compare conventional renal markers (estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>) and urinary protein\/creatinine ratio uPCR<\/jats:styled-content>) with a sensitive biomarker (NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>) in CHB<\/jats:styled-content> patients on long\u2010term NA<\/jats:styled-content> therapy and assess the ability of new markers to predict NA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related renal toxicity (new onset of nonalbumin proteinuria). A total of 192 na\u00efve CHB<\/jats:styled-content> patients (median age 41\u00a0years, 78% males, 25% HB<\/jats:styled-content>eAg+, 35% cirrhosis) were NA<\/jats:styled-content> treated for at least 5\u00a0years (median 8.34\u00a0years, range 5.54\u201011.1\u00a0years). The eGFR<\/jats:styled-content> and uPCR<\/jats:styled-content> were compared at baseline and last clinical visit with serum NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations measured by ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> at same time\u2010points and assessed according to the presence\/absence of nonalbumin proteinuria at last visit. While baseline and last visit eGFR<\/jats:styled-content> were similar (median:78 vs 84\u00a0mL\/min), serum NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations increased during therapy (median:9.4 vs 16.4\u00a0ng\/mL, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05). The proportion of patients with proteinuria (uPCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0>\u00a015) increased between baseline and last visit (4.6% vs 21.4%, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.05), with 30 (16%) patients having de novo nonalbumin proteinuria at last visit. High baseline NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations were exclusive to patients with de novo nonalbumin proteinuria (median:31.7 vs 7.8\u00a0ng\/mL, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a0.01) and baseline NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> levels >25\u00a0mg\/mL were predictive of nonalbumin proteinuria at last visit (AUROC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.813). In conclusion, serum NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> can act as a surrogate marker of early renal injury (de novo nonalbumin proteinuria) in CHB<\/jats:styled-content> on long\u2010term NA therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T16:16:10Z","timestamp":1523895370000},"page":"1139-1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum NGAL<\/scp> can act as an early renal safety biomarker during long\u2010term nucleos(t)ide analogue antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5806-3731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Carey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies King's College Hospital London 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