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Capturing accurate data on disease prevalence within these groups is challenging but is essential to inform strategies to reduce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> transmission. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> in these populations. We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study between May 2011 and June 2013 in London and, using convenience sampling, recruited participants from hostels for the homeless, drug treatment services and a prison. A questionnaire was administered and blood samples were tested for hepatitis C. We recruited 491 individuals who were homeless (40.7%), 205 drug users (17%) and 511 prisoners (42.3%). Eight per cent of patients (98\/1207, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 6.7%\u20109.8%) had active <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and 3% (38\/1207, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.3%\u20104.3%) past <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. Overall, one quarter (51\/205) of people recruited in drug treatment services, 13% (65\/491) of people from homeless residential sites and 4% (20\/511) prisoners in this study were anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> positive. Seventy\u2010seven of the 136 (56.6%, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 47.9%\u201065%) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infected participants identified had a history of all three risk factors (homelessness, imprisonment and drug use), 27.3% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 20.1%\u201035.6%) had 2 overlapping risk factors, and 15.4% (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 10.6%\u201023.7%) one risk factor. Drug treatment services, prisons and homelessness services provide good opportunities for identifying hepatitis C\u2010infected individuals. Effective models need to be developed to ensure case identification in these settings that can lead to an effective treatment and an efficient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T09:51:32Z","timestamp":1527760292000},"page":"1260-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hepatitis C among vulnerable populations: A seroprevalence study of homeless, people who inject drugs and prisoners in London"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2247-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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