{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1790851508786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003042","name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic hepatitis D is caused by coinfection of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus. While <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDV<\/jats:styled-content> is the dominant virus over <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> in the majority of cases, mechanisms and consequences of viral dominance are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate associations between viral dominance patterns and patients\u2019 characteristics and inflammatory features; 109 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>a\u20102\u03b1 within the international multicentre, prospective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIDIT<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 trial were studied. Patients were classified as D\u2010 or B\u2010dominant if the viral load of one virus exceeded that of the other virus by more than 1log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>. Otherwise, no viral dominance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ND<\/jats:styled-content>) was described. We used Luminex\u2010based multiplex technology to study 50 soluble immune mediators (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIM<\/jats:styled-content>) in pretreatment samples of 105 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDV RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients. Dominance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDV<\/jats:styled-content> was evident in the majority (75%) of cases. While only 7% displayed B\u2010dominance, 17% showed nondominance. D\u2010dominance was associated with downregulation of 4 interleukins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102ra, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201016 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018) and 5 chemokines\/cytokines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTACK<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>27), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>2), M\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) while no analyte was increased. In addition, D\u2010dominance could be linked to a delayed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> response to pegylated interferon as patients with B\u2010dominance or nondominance showed higher early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> responses (61% at week 12) than D\u2010dominant patients (11%; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001). In conclusion, this study revealed unexpected effects of viral dominance on clinical and immunological features in chronic hepatitis delta patients. Individualizing PEG\u2010IFNa\u20102\u03b1 treatment duration should consider viral dominance. Overall, our findings suggest an activated but exhausted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content> system in D\u2010dominant patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T10:51:20Z","timestamp":1528714280000},"page":"1384-1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Viral dominance patterns in chronic hepatitis delta determine early response to interferon alpha therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7557-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. L.","family":"Lutterkort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wranke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hengst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Yurdaydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ankara University Medical Faculty  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Stift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Institute of Pathology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hardtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF) partner site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig HepNet Study\u2010House  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ankara University Medical Faculty  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Idilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Ankara University Medical Faculty  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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