{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:22:15Z","timestamp":1740126135450,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRTG1273","CRC738","RC900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG1273","CRC738","RC900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>The natural course of acute Hepatitis C Virus (aHCV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection is highly heterogeneous, and only few biomarkers have been identified to reliably predict the outcome of infection. We analysed a large panel of soluble inflammatory mediators, immune cell frequencies and phenotypes using peripheral blood samples from 26 patients with symptomatic aHCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection from a controlled randomized clinical trial (ISRCTN<\/jats:styled-content>88729946, www.isrctn.com<\/jats:ext-link>). We found that patients with a spontaneous early HCV<\/jats:styled-content> control demonstrated a distinct expression pattern of various soluble immune mediators including IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201016. Immune cell phenotype and frequency differed between patients who cleared the viral infection early (n=13) and those who remained HCV RNA positive after 12 weeks of observation (n=13) with a reduced ratio of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> T cells to NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells in the non\u2013early clearer. Further, correlation analyses of 50 cytokines and chemokines revealed more positive correlations in between the distinct cytokines, especially for IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201016, and between the cytokines and HCV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels in spontaneous early clearer patients. Beyond that, in vitro stimulation of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> T cells with IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201016 reduced the susceptibility of these cells to killing by IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1\u2010activated NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells. These data indicate that the immune cell composition and cytokine pattern varies considerably in patients with symptomatic aHCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell\u2013mediated killing of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> T cells might affect early control of HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,8]],"date-time":"2018-12-08T13:22:46Z","timestamp":1544275366000},"page":"466-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Role of soluble inflammatory mediators and different immune cell populations in early control of symptomatic acute hepatitis C virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Hengst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas 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