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The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HBV<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine escape mutants (VEM<\/jats:styled-content>s), diagnostic failure mutants (DFM<\/jats:styled-content>s) and treatment resistance mutants (ARM<\/jats:styled-content>s) among individuals from Buenos Aires, Argentina. HBV<\/jats:styled-content> surface antigen and polymerase sequences obtained from serum samples of 530 HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected individuals were analysed. Samples belonged to genotypes A (28.1%), D (13.6%) and F (58.3%). VEM<\/jats:styled-content>s, DMF<\/jats:styled-content>s and ARM<\/jats:styled-content>s were present in 40 (7.5%), 57 (10.7%) and 27 (5.1%) samples within the studied population. Additionally, eight nonpreviously reported VEM<\/jats:styled-content>s and nine DFM<\/jats:styled-content>s were identified. VEM<\/jats:styled-content>s and DFM<\/jats:styled-content>s were biased by genotype, being higher in genotype D (33.3% and 33.3%) compared to genotype A (6% and 17.4%) and genotype F (2.3% and 2.3%) (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0>\u00a00.001). On the contrary, there was no association between the presence of ARM<\/jats:styled-content>s and HBV<\/jats:styled-content> genotype (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.324). VEM<\/jats:styled-content>s, DFM<\/jats:styled-content>s and ARM<\/jats:styled-content>s create public health concerns. The current study provided valuable information about mutants in surface antigen and polymerase in HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients from Argentina where HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010F is the most prevalent genotype. 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