{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:10:12Z","timestamp":1780603812803,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009253","name":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an RNA virus which leads to both acute and chronic forms of hepatitis. At present, HDV isolates have been classified into eight major genotypes distributed over different geographical regions. Recent increase in HDV sequences in Europe and worldwide has enabled us to revisit the taxonomic classification of HDV. A total of 116 large hepatitis delta antigen (L\u2010HDAg) nucleotide sequences and 13 full\u2010length HDV genome sequences belonging to genotype\u20101 from our European cohort, as well as 621 L\u2010HDAg nucleotide sequences belonging to genotype\u20101 to genotype\u20108 retrieved from the GenBank NCBI were included in this study. All 116 isolates of our cohort and 341 of 621 isolates (60%) account for genotype\u20101, while the remaining 40% of isolates were unevenly distributed across genotype\u20102 to genotype\u20108. Phylogenetic analysis of 98 L\u2010HDAg sequences selected after elimination of redundant sequences of all 737 isolates was performed to identify plausible subtypes within HDV genotype\u20101. Pairwise genetic distances for L\u2010HDAg sequences were calculated to estimate the inter\u2010genotype and inter\u2010subtype differences. The HDV genotype\u20101 isolates phylogenetically formed five distinct clusters (genotype 1a\u20101e), each of them corresponding to a distinct geographic region. Two distinct subtypes for HDV genotype\u20102 and \u20104 (ie \u20102a and \u20102b; \u20104a and \u20104b, respectively) could be identified based on isolate sequences from GenBank. The previously defined genotype\u20101 to genotype\u20108 have an inter\u2010genotypic difference of \u226510%, while the newly defined subtypes of genotype\u20101, \u20102 and \u20104 show an inter\u2010subtype difference of \u22653% to &lt;10% from the average diversity. In addition, we identified unique amino acid residues, known as specificity\u2010determining positions, amongst the proposed subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1551154011000},"page":"900-910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Genetic diversity of hepatitis D virus genotype\u20101 in Europe allows classification into subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hadi","family":"Karimzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine II University Hospital LMU  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitrij","family":"Frishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Freising Germany"},{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics RASA Research Center St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University  Saint Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Roggendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0365-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90156-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of hepatitis D virus infection in the global population: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","author":"Chen HY","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-11-2709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199606)49:2<145::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199908)58:4<366::AID-JMV8>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30279-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.19.9016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.013615-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.060112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02142-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02012-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.5.2537-2544.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01891-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-646-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbn017"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor\u2010joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou N","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404206101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","volume-title":"FigTree version 1.3.1","author":"Rambaut A","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vev003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.03191704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2015.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.4.2221-2229.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","article-title":"Recombinant identification, molecular classification and proposed reference genomes for hepatitis delta virus","author":"Miao Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200002)60:2<122::AID-JMV3>3.0.CO;2-#"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvh.13086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvh.13086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvh.13086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T22:42:47Z","timestamp":1694040167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvh.13086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvh.13086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.13086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}