{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:15:30Z","timestamp":1789989330725,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009250","name":"National Institute for Social Care and Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR CLAHRC PhD Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR CLAHRC PhD Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Personal Research Fellowship Award 2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Personal Research Fellowship Award 2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>New antiviral drugs with high efficacy mean the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can now be eliminated. To achieve this, it is necessary to identify undiagnosed cases of HCV. However, the costs of testing should be considered when judging the overall cost\u2010effectiveness of treatment. This study describes the cost\u2010effectiveness of a community pharmacy testing service in a population of people at risk of HCV living on the Isle of Wight (United Kingdom). Dry blood spot testing was conducted in anyone with a known risk factor for HCV in 20 community pharmacies. The outcomes and costs were entered into a Markov model. Cost and health utilities from the model were used to calculate an incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio (ICER). In 24\u00a0months, 186 tests were conducted, 13 were positive for HCV RNA and six of these (46%) received treatment during the follow\u2010up period. All achieved a sustained virological response at 3\u00a0months. The overall cost of the testing and treatment intervention was \u00a3242\u00a0183, and the ICER for the service was \u00a33689 per quality\u2010adjusted life year (QALY) gained. If screening had been restricted to just people with a history of injecting drug use (PWID) the ICER would have been \u00a34865 per QALY gained. The service was effective at identifying people with HCV infection, and despite the additional cost of targeted testing, its cost\u2010effectiveness was below the commonly accepted thresholds. In this setting, restricting targeted testing to PWID would not improve the cost\u2010effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T03:46:23Z","timestamp":1568432783000},"page":"36-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The testing of people with any risk factor for hepatitis C in community pharmacies is cost\u2010effective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0850-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science and Medical Statistics Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southampton Health Technology Assessments Centre University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Grellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology St Mary\u2019s Hospital Isle of Wight UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4057-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim I.","family":"Khakoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Parkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science and Medical Statistics Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Viral Hepatitis","author":"McGarvey MJ","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1512612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Combating hepatitis B and C to reach elimination by 2030.http:\/\/www.who.int\/hepatitis\/publications\/hep-elimination-by-2030-brief\/en\/. Published 2017. Accessed November 7 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016\u20132021.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/246177\/WHO-HIV-2016.06-eng.pdf;jsessionxml:id=CADC01FAEDE0BD62B246B80446A139ED?sequence=1. Published 2016. Accessed September 11 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey of People who Inject Drugs in contact with specialist services.http:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20140629102627\/http:\/hpa.org.uk\/web\/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard\/HPAweb_C\/. Published 2014. Accessed August 11 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Recommendations for the Identification of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Persons Born During 1945\u20131965.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/rr6104a1.htm?s_cxml:id=rr6104a1_w. Published 2012. 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London.2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Hepatitis C point\u2010of\u2010care screening in retail pharmacies in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Kugelmas M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Integrating community pharmacy testing for hepatitis C with specialist care","volume":"8","author":"Buchanan R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"Sofosbuvir\u2010velpatasvir\u2010voxilaprevir for treating chronic hepatitis C Technology Appraisal TA507.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta507\/chapter\/3-Committee-discussion. Published 2018. 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