{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:32:45Z","timestamp":1782732765224,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81502870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81502870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct\u2010acting antiviral (DAA) failure, which is mainly associated with the selection of resistance\u2010associated substitutions (RASs), is not rare in HCV treatment. RAS data collected from published literature and RAS prevalence were integrated using meta\u2010analysis. DAA\u2010failure\u2010associated RASs were identified by comparing their prevalence between DAA\u2010failure and DAA\u2010na\u00efve patients. Prevalences of emerging RASs that occurred during treatment were also estimated. A total of 2932 DAA\u2010na\u00efve patients and 1466 DAA\u2010failure patients were included. Significant differences in the prevalence of RASs were found in 76 scenarios that involved 34 RASs (11 in NS3, 18 in NS5A and 5 in NS5B), 4 genotypes (GTs) (GT1a, GT1b and GT3\u20104) and 14 DAAs (6 NS3 protease inhibitors [PIs], 6 NS5A inhibitors and 2 NS5B inhibitors). For NS3, the DAA\u2010failure\u2010associated RASs included V36L, Y56H, Q80K\/R, R155K, A156T and D168A\/E\/L\/T\/V\/Y. Substitutions at R155 and D168 were dominant for most NS3 PIs. For NS5A, DAA\u2010failure\u2010associated RASs included K24R, Q30R, L31M, and P32L in GT1a; R30Q\/H, L31F\/I\/M\/V, P58S, and Y93H in GT1b; A30K, L31M and Y93H in GT3; and M31V and Y93H in GT4. Y93H was the most prevalent RAS for NS5A inhibitors. DAA\u2010failure\u2010associated RASs were found at only five positions in NS5B. The majority of DAA\u2010failure patients relapsed. A significant difference was detected for only four RAS sites between relapse patients and nonresponse\/breakthrough patients. The RAS prevalence in DAA\u2010failure patients varied among the HCV GTs and DAA regimens. The identified treatment\u2010selected resistance patterns for broadly used DAA regimens will enable the selection of optimized retreatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T13:43:47Z","timestamp":1581515027000},"page":"585-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prevalence of HCV resistance\u2010associated substitutions among treatment\u2010failure patients receiving direct\u2010acting antiviral agents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenqiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China"},{"name":"Human Phenome Institute Fudan 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