{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:33:14Z","timestamp":1781026394742,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICI14\/00367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICI14\/00367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. The minimum criterion for diagnosis of acute infection is detection of anti\u2010HEV antibodies, although there are scant data on IgM duration. Our aim was to assess the persistence of HEV markers after acute self\u2010limited hepatitis E. HEV serological tests (IgM by Mikrogen and Wantai and HEV\u2010Ag) and HEV RNA were carried out in two cohorts: (a) patients with prior acute hepatitis E (ALT &gt;10\u00a0x\u00a0ULN plus positive IgM\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0HEV RNA) currently self\u2010limited and (b) 50 blood donors with positive HEV RNA. Among 25 cases of prior acute hepatitis E, after a median follow\u2010up of 34\u00a0months, all presented undetectable HEV RNA. However, anti\u2010HEV IgM remained detectable in 14 (56%) by Mikrogen, 6 (24%) by Wantai and none for HEV\u2010Ag. Anti\u2010HEV IgM tested positive in 80%\u2010100% within the second year and 17%\u201042% over 3\u00a0years later, by Wantai and Mikrogen, respectively. Among HEV RNA\u2010positive donors, 12 (25%) tested positive for either IgM by Mikrogen or Wantai, 9 (18%) for both and 18 (36%) for HEV\u2010Ag. HEV\u2010Ag positivity was more likely as HEV RNA was higher (14% if &lt;2.2\u00a0log\u00a0IU\/mL; 64% if RNA \u2265\u00a03.7). Overall, HEV\u2010Ag performed best, with a positive predictive value of 100% and diagnostic accuracy of 57%. Anti\u2010HEV IgM exhibited unexpectedly long persistence after a self\u2010limited acute hepatitis E. HEV\u2010Ag had the best performance and could be especially useful in settings where HEV RNA is not available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T17:14:44Z","timestamp":1582823684000},"page":"747-753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Unexpected long\u2010lasting anti\u2010HEV IgM positivity: Is HEV antigen a better serological marker for hepatitis E infection diagnosis?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9309-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Riveiro\u2010Barciela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadna","family":"Rando\u2010Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Microbiology Department VHIR\u2010HUVH Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Barreira\u2010D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Transfusion Safety Laboratory Banc de Sang i Teixits Servei Catal\u00e0 de la Salut Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"P. Ruzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab. Malalties Hep\u00e0tiques\u2010Hepatitis Virals Vall d'Hebron Institut Recerca\u2010Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (VHIR\u2010HUVH) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Piron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Transfusion Safety Laboratory Banc de Sang i Teixits Servei Catal\u00e0 de la Salut Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0014-084X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Quer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Lab. Malalties Hep\u00e0tiques\u2010Hepatitis Virals Vall d'Hebron Institut Recerca\u2010Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (VHIR\u2010HUVH) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Sauleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Transfusion Safety Laboratory Banc de Sang i Teixits Servei Catal\u00e0 de la Salut Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Fr\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Liver Pathology Unit (Biochemistry and Microbiology departments, Clinical Laboratories) Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Hepatitis E virus.http:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/hepatitis\u2010e. 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