{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:19:54Z","timestamp":1790489994186,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05\/0310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/0310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Around 200,000 people live with chronic hepatitis B in England. Despite national guidance on identification and management of cases and their close contacts, testing rates of close contacts is as low as 43% in high prevalence areas of London. Our study aimed to determine whether a nurse\u2010led enhanced management and contact tracing of chronically infected individuals improved testing uptake, vaccination and onward referral of close contacts. The study was conducted across Greater Manchester and East of England regions between October 2015 and July 2017. All HBV chronically infected individuals registered with a GP and their close contacts were eligible for recruitment. The proportion of contacts who were tested, vaccinated and referred where appropriate were compared before and after the nurse\u2010led intervention. Baseline and outcome information was collected using questionnaires. The intervention improved case referral rates by an additional 14% (from 86% (88\/102 cases) to 99.7%; 648\/650 cases). The proportion of contacts tested increased from 34% to 72%\u201094% with 18 new cases of HBV diagnosed. Amongst close contacts tested, vaccination rates of at least three doses increased from 77% (43\/56) to 93% (452\/491) during the study. Our study has shown that nurse\u2010led enhanced management greatly improves identification, testing and vaccination of close contacts. The identification of new acute and chronic cases is likely to make the intervention cost effective and local health commissioners should consider providing a nurse\u2010led service as part of hepatitis B care pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T20:26:55Z","timestamp":1601324815000},"page":"72-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Impact of a nurse\u2010led enhanced monitoring, management and contact tracing intervention for chronic hepatitis B in England, 2015\u20102017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazim","family":"Beebeejaun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-992X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahin","family":"Amin\u2010Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-6135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Letley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0160-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edna","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beauty","family":"Mahange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqui","family":"Checkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Salimee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England East of England  Birmingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England North West  Leeds United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6658-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samreen","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virus Reference Department National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9713-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graeme","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3379-3118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7323-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunisation National Infection Service Public Health England  Colindale United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Immunisation against infectious disease \u2010 The Green Book.2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/immunisation-against-infectious-disease-the-green-book#the-green-book"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Getting ahead of the curve: a strategy for combating infectious diseases (including other aspects of health protection).2002. Available at:https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20121206050457\/http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/prod_consum_dh\/groups\/dh_digitalassets\/@dh\/@en\/documents\/digitalasset\/dh_4060875.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.74.2.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.National Antenatal Infections Screening Monitoring: annual data tables.2017. Available at:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/national-antenatal-infections-screening-monitoring-annual-data-tables"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2003.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.4.992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90624-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Hepatitis B and C testing: people at risk of infection.2012. Available at:https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ph43"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B and immunisation of babies at risk.1998. Health Service Circular HSC 1998\/127. Available at:http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/assetRoot\/04\/01\/18\/40\/04011840.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.12.016"},{"issue":"647","key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","article-title":"Low hepatitis B testing among migrants: a cross\u2010sectional study in a UK city","volume":"66","author":"Evlampidou I","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brit J General Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815003325"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"NHS Digital.NHS digital personal demographics service.https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/services\/demographics."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Annual report from the sentinel surveillance study of blood borne virus testing in England: data for January to December 2017. Health Protection Report.2017;12."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"PerryC ChhatraliaK DamesickD et al.Behavioural insights in health care.London:The Health Foundation 2015:18\u201029. 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