{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:45:10Z","timestamp":1787849110029,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID\u2010OAA\u2010A\u201015\u201000070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID\u2010OAA\u2010A\u201015\u201000070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Access to hepatitis C virus\u00a0(HCV) testing and treatment is limited in Myanmar. We assessed an integrated HIV and viral hepatitis testing and HCV treatment strategy. Sofosbuvir\/velpatasvir (SOF\/VEL)\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0weight\u2010based ribavirin for 12\u00a0weeks was provided at three treatment sites in Myanmar and sustained virologic response (SVR) assessed at 12\u00a0weeks after treatment. Participants co\u2010infected with HBV were treated concurrently with tenofovir. Cost estimates in 2018 USD were made at Yangon and Mandalay using standard micro\u2010costing methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p>803 participants initiated SOF\/VEL; 4.8% were lost to follow\u2010up. SVR was achieved in 680\/803 (84.6%) by intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis. SVR amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) was 79.7% (381\/497), but 92.5% among PWID on opioid substitution therapy (OST) (74\/80), and 97.4% among non\u2010PWID (298\/306). Utilizing data from 492 participants, of whom 93% achieved SVR, the estimated average cost of treatment per patient initiated was $1030 (of which 54% were medication costs), with a production cost per successful outcome (SVR) of $1109 and real\u2010world estimate of $1250. High SVR rates were achieved for non\u2010PWID and PWID on OST. However, the estimated average cost of the intervention (under the assumption of no genotype testing and reduced real\u2010world effectiveness) of $1250\/patient is unaffordable for a national elimination strategy. Reductions in the cost of antivirals and linkage to social and behavioural health services including substance use disorder treatment to increase retention and adherence to treatment are critical to HCV elimination in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T07:39:50Z","timestamp":1600241990000},"page":"147-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Treatment outcomes and costs of a simplified antiviral treatment strategy for hepatitis C among monoinfected and HIV and\/or hepatitis B virus\u2010co\u2010infected patients in Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Min Thaung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Partners International Yangon Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8362-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles S.","family":"Chasela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Right to Care\/EQUIP Health Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4865-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara W.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Minior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Agency for International Development Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aye A.","family":"Lwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Biological Laboratories (ABL) SA Rue des jardiniers Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Y.","family":"Sein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myanmar Liver Foundation Yangon Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndeye","family":"Drame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadzai","family":"Marange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Right to Care\/EQUIP Health Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"van der Horst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hnin T.","family":"Thwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Partners International Yangon Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan J","family":"Freiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malini M.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murdo","family":"Bijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Harm Reduction Network Kachin Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6221-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constance","family":"Wose Kinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance National Institute for Occupational Health Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit Department of Internal Medicine School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Thura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Partners International Yangon Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofiane","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Biological Laboratories (ABL) SA Rue des jardiniers Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thembisile","family":"Xulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Right to Care\/EQUIP Health Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aung Y.","family":"Naing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Harm Reduction Network Kachin Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthiue","family":"Barralon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Biological Laboratories (ABL) SA Rue des jardiniers Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clint","family":"Cavenaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Agency for International Development Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khin P.","family":"Kyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myanmar Liver Foundation Yangon Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Sanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Right to Care\/EQUIP Health Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg"},{"name":"Immunology Research Division, Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and Sports Yangon Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for EQUIP Health","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Global Hepatitis Report 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