{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:56:58Z","timestamp":1789581418727,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol consumption in the setting of chronic HCV is associated with accelerated progression towards cirrhosis, increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and higher mortality. This analysis contextualizes how sociodemographic factors, chronic pain and depression relate to the motivations of individuals with chronic HCV to consume alcohol. We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hep ART trial of behavioural interventions on alcohol use among patients with HCV. Alcohol consumption was measured using the Drinking Motives Questionnaire and a novel 6\u2010item measure of pain\u2010related drinking motives. Statistical analyses performed included ANOVA for bivariate analyses and multivariable ordinary least\u2010squares linear regression. At study baseline, 181 participants had an average age of 55\u00a0years; the majority (66.7%) reported beyond\u2010minor pain; and a third (37%) met criteria for depression; drinking motives were higher for individuals with beyond\u2010minor pain (means 9.9 vs. 4.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and who met criteria for depression (means 10.9 vs. 6.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) when using the pain\u2010related drinking motives items. Average pain(coef\u00a0=\u00a01.0410067141\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) was significantly associated with increased motives to drink to relieve pain in the full baseline model specification controlling for all covariates using ordinary at least squares; depression (coef\u00a0=\u00a07.06; 95% CI 1.32, 12.81; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.016) was significantly associated with increased non\u2010pain\u2010related motives to drink. From baseline to 3\u2010month follow\u2010up, compared to participants who had mean average pain scores among the sample, motives to drink to relieve pain decreased in participants who had higher average pain scores (coef\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.30; 95% CI \u22120.59, \u22120.01; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.40). Physical pain and depression are associated with increased motives to consume alcohol. Patients with chronic liver disease should be screened for chronic pain and depression and, if present, referred to pain specialists or co\u2010managed in partnership with pain specialists in hepatology clinics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T21:46:48Z","timestamp":1611265608000},"page":"699-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Why do patients with chronic hepatitis C drink alcohol? An examination of pain, depression and drinking motives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius M.","family":"Wilder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Evon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rae Jean","family":"Proeschold\u2010Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Center for Health Policy &amp; Inequalities Research Duke University Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham NC 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