{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T22:29:42Z","timestamp":1788647382983,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied the characteristics of immune activation and investigated the underlying mechanisms in patients with human immunodeficiency virus\u20101\/hepatitis B virus (HIV\/HBV) coinfection after receiving HBV\u2010active antiretroviral therapy. Forty patients with HIV\/HBV coinfection, 38 patients with HIV monoinfection and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> count, HIV load, HBV load, markers of immune activation and regulatory T\u2010cell (Treg cell) frequency were assessed and compared between HIV\u2010monoinfected and HIV\/HBV\u2010coinfected patients at week 0 (baseline), 12, 24, 36 and 48 after the onset of HBV\u2010active antiretroviral therapy. Before antiretroviral therapy, frequencies of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLADR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLADR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and Treg cells, and sCD163 and sCD14 levels were significantly higher in both HIV\/HBV\u2010coinfected patients and HIV\u2010monoinfected patients, compared with healthy controls. Frequencies of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLADR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>HLADR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells decreased following antiretroviral therapy in both groups. sCD163 levels did not change significantly in both groups and no significant difference was observed between the two groups at each time point during the 48\u2010week antiretroviral therapy. In week 24, levels of sCD14 and frequencies of Treg cells appeared significantly higher in HIV\/HBV\u2010coinfected patients than in HIV\u2010monoinfected patients, in which sCD14 levels and Treg cell frequencies declined to those in healthy controls. The Treg cell frequency was consistent with that of sCD14 levels in HIV\/HBV\u2010coinfected patients. Coinfection with HBV significantly increases sCD14 levels in HIV\u2010infected patients during HBV\u2010active antiretroviral therapy, which may potentially contribute to liver inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T17:01:29Z","timestamp":1624986089000},"page":"1355-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Persistent chronic immune activation in HIV\/HBV\u2010coinfected patients after antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yaozu","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Eighth People\u2019s Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Eighth People\u2019s Hospital Guangzhou Medical 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