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To better control hepatitis C, insights into the characteristics of dynamic spread and genomic mutations are urgently needed. We retrieved sequences of HCV\u20101b NS5B among intravenous drug users (IDUs) and general people (Non\u2010IDUs) in China from 2000 to 2011 in NCBI. Bayesian phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were used to evaluate the transmission dynamics of HCV\u20101b. Non\u2010synonymous substitutions were detected to illustrate immune adaptation. Evolutionary history demonstrated that HCV\u20101b effective population size experienced a sharp increase in 1990. HCV\u20101b sequences among IDUs had a higher estimated evolutionary rate (5.7185\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0substitutions\/site\/year) than overall (7.7332\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>). 105\/136 (77.2%) of HCV\u20101b sequences clustered into 38 networks. The average non\u2010synonymous HCV\u20101b immune epitopes among IDUs were 0.211, higher than non\u2010IDUs, especially in the HLA\u2010A*02\u00a0molecular recognition region. All of these posed significant challenges for the prevention and treatment of HCV. Heterogeneity and genetic linkages of HCV\u20101b suggest that evolutionary surveillance of HCV in cities in east\u2010central China and among IDUs could not be neglected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T09:01:53Z","timestamp":1643101313000},"page":"209-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolutionary characteristics and immune mutation of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b among intravenous drug users in mainland, China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huangbo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Human Phenome 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