{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:45:20Z","timestamp":1771487120955,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recently reported epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections \u2014observed predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM)\u2014may now decline due to wide availability of direct\u2010acting antivirals (DAAs). This study aimed to investigate the current trends of acute hepatitis C in Vienna. Patients presenting with acute hepatitis C between 01\/2007 and12\/2020 at the Vienna General Hospital were retrospectively enrolled and followed after virologic clearance\/eradication. The introduction of unrestricted DAA access after 09\/17 defined the \u2018DAA era\u2019, as compared to the \u2018pre\u2010DAA era\u2019 prior to 09\/17. We identified 134 acute hepatitis C cases in 119 patients with a mean age of 39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09\u00a0years at inclusion. The majority of patients were male (92%), HIV\u2010positive (88%) and MSM (85%). In the DAA era, a history of prior chronic HCV infection at inclusion was found in 24% (11\/46) compared to 7% (5\/73) in the pre\u2010DAA era (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0.012). The annual rate of acute hepatitis C cases increased in the DAA era (17.11 per year) compared to the pre\u2010DAA era (7.76 per year). The DAA era included an AHC\u2010genotype\u20102\u00a0cluster and more HIV\u2010negative acute hepatitis C cases (0% (0\/73) vs. 30% (14\/46), <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.001). Patients were followed after spontaneous clearance or sustained virologic treatment response (SVR) for a total of 251.88 patient\u2010years (median 1.39\u00a0years per patient). In the DAA era, we recorded 15 acute hepatitis C\u2010reinfections \u2014 corresponding to an incidence rate of 5.96 (95% CI: 3.57\u20139.66) reinfections per 100\u2010patient\u2010years. We continue to observe a high incidence of acute hepatitis C in Vienna in the DAA era\u2014primarily among HIV\u2010positive MSM, but increasingly also in HIV\u2010negative MSM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T09:19:45Z","timestamp":1646990385000},"page":"385-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The \u2018Viennese epidemic\u2019 of acute HCV in the era of direct\u2010acting antivirals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Chromy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine III Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Vienna HIV &amp; Liver Study Group  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9363-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J. 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