{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:15:46Z","timestamp":1787015746104,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Individuals who spontaneously clear hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have demonstrated evidence of partial protective immunity, whereas treatment\u2010induced clearance provides little or no protection against reinfection. We aimed to investigate whether treatment of acute HCV infection with direct\u2010acting antivirals (DAA) prevents establishment of, or reverses, T\u2010cell exhaustion, leading to a virus\u2010specific T\u2010cell immune profile more similar to that seen in spontaneous clearance. The magnitude and breadth of HCV\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses before and after DAA or interferon\u2010based therapy in acute or chronic HCV were compared to those of participants with spontaneous clearance of infection, using Enzyme\u2010linked Immunospot (ELISPOT). PBMCs were available for 55 patients comprising 4 groups: spontaneous clearance (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200917), acute interferon (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200914), acute DAA (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200913) and chronic DAA (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u200911). After controlling for sex, the magnitude of post\u2010treatment HCV\u2010specific responses after acute DAA treatment was greater than after chronic DAA or acute IFN treatment and similar to those found in spontaneous clearers. However, spontaneous clearers responded to more HCV peptide pools indicating greater breadth of response. In conclusion, early treatment with DAAs may prevent or reverse some degree of immune exhaustion and result in stronger HCV\u2010specific responses post\u2010treatment. However, individuals with spontaneous clearance had broader HCV\u2010specific responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T14:58:30Z","timestamp":1666882710000},"page":"64-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hepatitis C virus\u2010specific immune responses following direct\u2010acting antivirals administered during recent hepatitis C\u00a0virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Casey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Grebely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail V.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Cherepanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9444-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Martinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry L. 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