{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:43:48Z","timestamp":1781012628796,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is believed to be a vanishing infection in countries with successful hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination programs. We assessed the current status of HDV infection in Tuva, a region of the Russia that has been highly endemic for HBV. The proportion of HDV\u2010infected patients among HBsAg\u2010positive patients in the regional registry in 2020 was 32.7% (786\/2401). An analysis of the medical records of 514 HDV patients demonstrated that 37.5% (193\/514) had liver cirrhosis at the first doctor's visit, and 7.4% of patients lived in families where another family member had HDV. All HDV patients were infected with genotype HDV\u20101, 94.5% had HBV genotype D, and 5.5% had genotype A. A serosurvey conducted among 1170 healthy volunteers showed that the average detection rate of HBsAg with anti\u2010HDV was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.57\u20131.81%). No anti\u2010HDV positive samples were detected in participants aged under 30\u2009years. The HBsAg\/anti\u2010HDV positivity rate peaked at 7.4% in patients aged 50\u201359\u2009years, which was significantly higher than in a similar age cohort surveyed in 2008 (1.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). A Bayesian analysis showed that HDV circulation in Tuva resulted from two waves of introduction, the first in the 1810s (95% HPD: 1741\u20131834) from Central Asia, and the second in the 1960s (95% HPD: 1953\u20131979) from Russia. HBV has a much longer history of circulation in Tuva with the MRCA for the predominant genotype HBV\u2010D dated to 972 (95% HPD: 535\u20131253) for subtype D1, 1274 (95% HPD: 936\u20131384) for D2, and 1173 (95% HPD: 1005\u20131618) for D3. A SkyGrid reconstruction of population dynamics showed an increase in the intensity of HDV spread in recent decades. This situation shows the need for HDV screening and prevention measures among people living with HBV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T18:40:16Z","timestamp":1670438416000},"page":"182-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Silent HDV epidemics culminates in high levels of liver cirrhosis in endemic region despite 20\u2009years of HBV vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Isaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Hepatitis Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen K.","family":"Kyuregyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Hepatitis Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Resource Center for High\u2010Performance Methods of Genomic Analysis Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Hepatitis Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Scientific and Educational Resource Center for High\u2010Performance Methods of Genomic Analysis Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg V.","family":"Kuzmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya A.","family":"Potemkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Hepatitis Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera S.","family":"Kichatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Hepatitis Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fedor A.","family":"Asadi Mobarkhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugeniy V.","family":"Mullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana V.","family":"Kozhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor A.","family":"Manuylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Pochtovyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir A.","family":"Gushchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. 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